1. AP US History
Week 7

2. Week 7 Objectives
Read Chapter 6, The Revolution Within. Chapter 7 up to page 202
Complete 2.03 Writing Assignment

3. The Revolution Within Struggle for Equality Abigail Adams
“Remember the Ladies” letter
Also wrote about the evils of slavery
John Adam’s response was that there was chaos after the Revolutionary War and the “natural” order of things had to be preserved

4. Revolution Within “All Men Are Created Equal” ?
American freedom would forever be linked with the idea of equality
Equality before law
Equality in political rights
Economic opportunities
Equality of condition
Groups denied full rights- slaves, indentured servants, women, Indians, apprentices, propertyless meno

5. Democracy
Aristotle- a system in which the entire people governed directly
Britain- mixed government (branches of government)
America- greater equality inspired buy the struggle for independence

6. Ideas and experiments Every state adopted a new constitution
All agreed in a republic-their authority rested on the consent of the governed. NO KING
PA- voted to have one house of government elected each year by men over 21 who paid taxes
Included freedom of speech and writing, religious liberty
Jon Adams “Thoughts on Government” included 2 houses, though one for the rich, one for the poor

7. Voting
Voting restricted to men who either owned property (rich) or paid taxes (excluded the very poor)
Men without Property had no “judgement of their own”
Some women who owned land (usually widowed) did vote in New Jersey until 1807

8. Religious Toleration
Leaders of the Revolution wanted to shield itself from the violent conflicts brought on by religion
Jefferson, Adams, Madison, and Hamilton were skeptical of religion. Believed in a creator but not someone who intervened in human affairs.
“Wall of Separation”
States began to disestablish their churches
Catholics could practice without fear for the first time
In some states Jews were not allowed to vote or hold office

9. O
Became a model for the revolutionary generations of “rights” as private matters that must be protected from government interference
Did not stifle religion but enhanced it. Today different religions are practiced in the US

10. Defining Economic Freedom
Debate over free trade- economic development arose from economic self-interest
Adam Smith- The Wealth of Nations included the belief that the “invisible hand” of free market directed economic life more freely than government interference.

11. Slavery and the Revolution
The elephant in the room
1776- slaves were 1/5 of the population
Every founding father owned slaves except Adams and Paine.
Argued, slavery for blacks made freedom possible for whites.
Religious groups such as Quakers were usually against slavery
During the war, slaves ran away from their masters, joined the British army
, every state in the North sans Maryland took steps to end slavery. Took awhile to completely eradicate slaves in 1830

12. Women and the Revolution
Women disguised themselves as men during the war
Couverture- husband still had legal authority over their wife’s person, property, and choices in her life.
Marriage contract superseded the social contract.
Republican motherhood- educating their children as citizens

13. Legacy French Revolution- 1789 Haiti- slave uprisings during the 1790s
Latin American countries in the 19th century
Colonial peoples in the 20th century

14. Articles of Confederation
13 states retained sovereignty
National government consisted of one house Congress, each state had one vote
No President
Major decisions required 9 states to approve
Federal government could only declare war, conduct foreign affairs, make treaties
Federal government could not levy taxes
To change the Articles, all states needed to agree
Established rules for settlement out West. Ordinance of region divided into districts controlled by Congress. Eventually granted statehood

15. 2.03 The First Governments Introduces the Long Essay part of your exam
Graders will be looking for 4 things:
Thesis/Claim (0-1)
Contextualization (0-1)
Evidence (0-2)
Analysis (0-2)

16. Remember… Each essay will be 1 of 4 thinking skills
Historical Causation
Patterns of Continuity and Change Over Time
Periodization
Compare and Contrast

17. Thesis/Claim
Responds to the prompt with a historically defensible thesis/claim that establishes a line of reasoning
Writing in AP US History

18. Contextualization Provide historical background
99% of the time this will be in your first paragraph
Describes a broader historical context relevant to the prompt
Think of this as the opening movie crawl from Star Wars

20. Evidence
Supports an argument in response to the prompt using specific and relevant examples of evidence

21. Analysis and Reasoning
Demonstrates complex understand of the historical development that is the focus of the prompt. Using evidence to corroborate, qualify, or modify an argument that addresses the question

22. 2.03 First Government Pick one of the following questions:
Question 1. Some historians have argued that the Articles of Confederation created an ineffective government. Support, modify, or refute this interpretation, providing specific evidence to justify your answer.
Question 2. Evaluate the extent to which the Articles of Confederation successfully governed the new nation.
Periodization (Take a Position)

23. Fill out this chart
(Ignore)

24. Any Questions? Thank You For Coming