1. Chapter 8 Chemical Nomenclature

2. Classification of Compounds
Chemical nomenclature
IUPAC rules
Generalizations for ionic vs. molecular compounds
Metal with nonmetals
Nonmetal with other nonmetals
NH4+ exception
Metalloids

3. Types of Binary Ionic Compounds
Fixed-charge
Variable-charge
Figure 8.1 shows fixed-charge metallic ions
Table 8.1 shows more common variable-charge metals. Vast majority of metals are variable-charge metals.

4. Nomenclature for Binary Ionic Compounds
Metal ions
Fixed-charge
Variable-charge
Nonmetal ions

5. Nomenclature for Binary Ionic Compounds (cont’d)
Fixed-charge binary ionic compounds
KCl
MgO
Li2S
ZnBr2
Variable-charge binary ionic compounds
CuO
Cu2O
FeO

6. Nomenclature for Binary Ionic Compounds (cont’d)
Variable-charge binary ionic compounds – (-ic, -ous) system
Metal has two common charges
Iron (III) chloride
Copper (I) fluoride
Stannic bromide
Fe203
Tin (II) fluoride
Table 8.3 – comparison of IUPAC and Old System Names for Selected Metal Ions – note that Latin names for metals are used.

7. Nomenclature for Ionic Compounds Containing Polyatomic Ions
Common polyatomic ions
charge
4 exceptions with –ide suffix
-ate vs. –ite suffix
ions with and without H
replacement of O with S (thio- prefix)
Names of ionic compounds
Table 8.4 – learn contents

8. Naming Polyatomic-Ion-Containing Compounds
Na3PO4
Fe(NO3)3
Cu2SO4
NH4CN
FeCO3
Sn(OH)2

9. Nomenclature for Binary Molecular Compounds
Two nonmetallic elements
Nomenclature
Less electronegative element first
2nd element take suffix –ide
Numerical prefix indicates the number of atoms of each nonmetal
Table 8.5 – Greek Numerical Prefixes from 1 to 10

10. Naming Binary Molecular Compounds
N2O3
PF3
S4N4
SiCl4
Na2CO3 – disodium carbon trioxide
MgClx
Problem 8.129
S20
P4S6
5th bullet – ionic
6th – what’s “x”
Carbon dioxide
Table 8.6 – Binary Molecular Compounds with Common Names

11. Nomenclature for Acids
Hydrogen-containing molecular compound
Acids: HCl, H2S, HNO3, H2SO4
Non-acids: NH3, CH4, SiH4
H2O, not considered an acid
-ide rule
the prefix hydro-
the stem of the name of the negative ion
the suffix –ic
the word acid
Many hydrogen-containing molecular compounds dissolve in water to give solutions with properties markedly different from those of the compounds that were dissolved. These solutions are called acids.
An acid is a hydrogen-containing molecular compound whose molecules yield hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water.
HCl – hydrochloric acid
HCN – hydrocyanic acid

12. Nomenclature for Acids (cont’d)
-ate rule
negative ion less the –ate ending
the suffix –ic
the word acid
-ite rule
negative ion less the –ite ending
the suffix –ous
The word acid
ate rule: HNO3 - nitrate less ate, plus ic; then add acid. HClO4 – perchlorate, less ate, plus ic, add acid: perchloric acid
-ite rule: HNO2 nitrous acid, HClO hypochlorous acid

13. Naming Acids H2SO4 Sulfuric acid HCl (g) Hydrogen chloride gas HNO3
Nitric acid HI
Hydroiodic acid

14. Naming Acids - cont’d HCN Hydrocyanic acid H3PO4 Phosphoric acid H3PO3
Phosphorous acid

15. Naming Acids – cont’d Chloric acid HClO3 Chlorous acid HClO2
Nitrous acid
HNO2

16. Naming Acids – cont’d Hydrosulfuric acid H2S Sulfuric acid H2SO4
Carbonic acid
H2CO3

17. Summary of Nomenclature Rules
Ionic or molecular
If ionic, binary or polyatomic
If molecular, acid or nonacid