1. “Unification of Italy”

2. I.) Nationalism in Italy
Congress of Vienna again divided Italy into multiple states
1. Austria rules city-states of
Lombardy & Venetia
2. Spanish Bourbon family
rules Kingdom of the
Two Sicilies
3. Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia is largest & most powerful city-state

3. 1815 -1848 Nationalism spreads across Italy
- Nationalism: devotion to the interests or culture
of one's nation
1. Risorgimento = nationalist movement in Italy
with goals of liberation and unification
2. Carboni = nationalist secret society in Italy
3. Giuseppe Mazzini = Carboni; creates the
Young Italy Movement in 1832
- Goal: spread nationalist ideas
1. led rebellion in 1848 and 1849
(success in 1848 but loses gains in 1849)

4. II.) Unification In North
King Victor Emmanuel II: leader of Piedmont-Sardinia; adopts a liberal constitution in 1848
B. Camillo Benso di Cavour: prime minister; wanted to increase political influence for city-state
Goal: to control N. Italy for Sardinia
How: War w/ Austria
Outcome: - Gain Lombardy
- Austria keeps Venetia

5. III.) Unification In South
A. Cavour turns south (Two Sicilies) by secretly supporting………..…
Giuseppe Garibaldi = Italian
nationalist & leader of the “Red Shirt Army”
- conquers Two Sicilies & Naples

6. IV.) Unification!
In 1860 Garibaldi & Emmanuel II with their armies meet in Naples
Outcome: agree to join forces
Result: Kingdom of Italy created!!

7. Plebiscites (elections) held throughout Italy
Outcome: city-states vote for unification
C. Meeting in Turin (1861) Victor Emmanuel confirmed as king of Italy
Italy gains Venetia in war w/Austria
Rome’s citizens vote for unification
Outcome: becomes capital

8. V.) Post-Unification Issues
Italy faced political, social, & economic problems:
1. little experience with self government
2. rivalries between regions
3. standard of living was low
4. labor problems grew