1. Key Question: How do ridges, uplands and fault scarps form?
Key Words:
Ridges
Uplands
Fault Scarps
This is Granite, where does it form?
This is a mountain top, what question would you want to ask?

2. can form from large igneous intrusions
1. Uplands:
can form from large igneous intrusions
Cairngorms, Scotland:
A 400 million year old granite pluton

3. 1. Uplands Formation e.g. Cairngorms:
Plutonic rocks cool … (where?)
Volcanic rocks cool… (where?)
RECAP
underground
On the surface
What will the speed of cooling and grain size be like at the following locations? A B

4. Weathering, Erosion and Uplift
1. Uplands Formation e.g. Cairngorms:
Present Day
400 Millions of years ago
Surrounding rocks
less resistant
Cairngorms Mountains
Weathering, Erosion and Uplift
Country rocks
Cairngorms Granite
Intrusion
Cairngorms Granite
More Resistant
- Forms Uplands
DRAW IN LABELED DIAGRAM IN BOOK

5. 1. Uplands Formation e.g. Cornwall
So what might be happening here?
This is a gravity map, the blue shows lower gravity

6. 1. Uplands Formation e.g. Cornwall
Cornwall is famous for it’s granite moorlands of Dartmoor and Bodmin Moor E W
ANSWER: That there is a larger area of granite beneath
So what’s happening underground? Granite shows as areas of lower gravity.
What does the gravity data indicate to you?

7. 50km E Section W-E across the Cornubian batholith
Copy out the diagram and label : pluton, dyke feeding pluton,
batholith, erosion surface, exposed granite and country rock
Section W-E across the Cornubian batholith E
Haig Fras
Island
Dartmoor
Bodmin Moor
Land’s End
Scilly Isles
50km

8. Dartmoor Red herring alert!
Describe the landscape choosing from the descriptors below:
Steep slopes, moderately steep slopes, gentle slopes, flat land, low land, upland, thin acid soils, thick clay soils, limey soils, caves, tors, swallow holes, influenced by angle of dip, no bedded rocks so no strata, uniform scenery, varied scenery, moorland, fine grained rocks, coarse grained rocks.

9. What type of weathering is important on Dartmoor; a wet area with acidic soil and temperatures above freezing for most of the time?
Chemical weathering

10. Recall…Chemical weathering
of granite
Clay quartz grains dissolved minerals
Granite + acids

11. Ethiopian Plateau Dartmoor
Compare and contrast the geology and scenery of the
Ethiopian plateau and Dartmoor.
Ethiopian Plateau
Dartmoor
upland
Horizontal strata
Freeze-thaw weathering
Dry so little chemical weathering
Cliffs and steep sided gorges
plutonic
Erosion by rivers
No strata!
Onion skin weathering
Wet so lots of chemical weathering
Rounded slopes
volcanic
Wind erosion

12. 1. Uplands Formation e.g. Pennines
Uplands also occur due to folding.
Older more resistant rocks
form core of anticline.

13. 2. Ridges A bed of dipping ………………. rock surrounded by
softer rock may form a ridge as the…………… rock
is eroded at a …………………… rate.
harder
softer
faster
RIDGE:
Harder Rock
Erodes slower
Dipping
Harder Rock
Softer Rock
Softer Rock
erodes faster

14. Fault Plane 3. Fault Scarps
This is a fault scarp, how might it have formed?
Fault Plane

15. 3. Fault Scarp Formation
1. Draw each fault model and work out the type
of fault?
2.Explain how a fault scarp forms?
Words to use: WEATHERING and EROSION / EARTHQUAKE /
TECTONIC MOVEMENT / UPLIFT