1. Forebrain
Domina Petric, MD

2. Brain ventricles

3. Cerebrospinal fluid is produced in choroid plexus.

4. Septum pellucidum divides two lateral ventricles.
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5. Cerebrospinal fluid produced in lateral ventricles goes into the third ventricle.
Foramen of Monroe or the interventricular foramen
Third ventricle is bounded on either side by the hypothalamus.
Thalamus is above the third ventricle.

6. Fourth brain ventricle
The smallest of the channels within human brain is
cerebral acqueduct that extends from third to fourth
brain ventricle.
Fourth brain ventricle

7. Foramens of the fourth ventricle
Foramen of Magendie is the medial foramen.
There are two lateral foramens: apertures of Luschka.

8. Cerebrospinal fluid
Cerebrospinal fluid exits the brain ventricles and flows around the entire cerebral hemisphere in subarachnoid space.
The subarachnoid space contains one or two millimeters of CSF.
CSF is an important pyhsical buffer.
The drainage of CSF along the dorsal midline is happening via subarachnoid granulations.
Subarachnoid granulations are one-way valves that allow CSF to leave the subarachnoid space and drain into the superior sagittal sinus.
From the superior sagittal sinus (and other sinuses) CSF goes back to the venous blood.

9. Subarachnoid granulation

10. Chronic alcohol abuse
There is unusual amount of space between the folia of the cerebellum (cerebellar atrophy).
University of Utah

11. Internal capsule and deep grey matter
II.

12. Telencephalon anterior comissure fornix internal capsule
Grey matter
White matter
Ventricle
Cortical structures are:
cerebral cortex
hippocampus
amygdala
Basal ganglia are:
caudate nucleus
putamen
nucleus accumbens
globus pallidus
corpus callosum
anterior comissure
fornix
internal capsule
lateral ventricle

13. caudate nucleus (head, body and tail)
Striatum
caudate nucleus (head, body and tail)
nucleus accumbens
putamen

14. Striatum, amygdala and thalamus
Caudate
nucleus
body
Caudate
nucleus
(head)
Striatum, amygdala and thalamus
Nucleus
accumbens
Thalamus
Putamen
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Amygdala
Caudate
nucleus
tail
Thalamus is posterior and medial to putamen.

15. AND The internal capsule
The internal capsule is the massive system of white matter that runs between the cerebral cortex and everything that falls below the cerebral cortex.
Internal capsule axons pass the thalamus, brain stem and spinal cord: many of axons are going in descending direction.
Axons that are coming from the thalamus are projecting back to the cerebral cortex.
Axons of the internal capsule are slipping between:
the body of caudate nucleus, the thalamus
the putamen, the nucleus accumbens
AND

16. Globus pallidus
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17. Thalamus and caudate nucleus are
on the medial side of the internal capsule.
Internal capsule
Nucleus accumbens is inferior to the internal capsule.
On the lateral side of the internal capsule are
putamen and the globus pallidus.

18. Putamen regulates movement of the body.
P: path (body movement)
C: central (eye, thougts)
A: affects (emotion, mood)
Function
Putamen regulates movement of the body.
Caudate nucleus regulates movements of the eyes, movements of the mind and thoughts.
Nucleus Accumbens is involved with modulating movements of emotion or mood.

19. Hippocampus
Wikipedia.org
Neuroscienifically challenged

20. Diencephalon Grey matter: thalamus hypothalamus
White matter is fornix.
Ventricles: third ventricle.

21. Literature
Leonard E. White, PhD, Duke University.

22. Literature Medscape.com Wikipedia.org http://neurocritic.blogspot.hr
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