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Published byGriselda Madeleine Hensley Modified over 6 years ago
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Civil War Homefront North and South
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Northern Economy Growth of Industry:
Weapons Textiles Railroads Iron Pacific Railway Act (1862): first trans-continental RR Mechanization for farm and factory: Out-produced South in both areas
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Northern Economy (continued)
Financing the war: Revenue Act of 1862: 1st income tax Legal Tender Act (1862): print $430 million in “greenbacks”
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Southern Economy South still believes in “King Cotton”
Trent Affair War ravages many states Slaves escaping/being taken by Union armies Union blockade was devastating South gets poorer, North actually gets richer
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Southern Economy (continued)
Financing the war: War Tax (1861): property, including slaves “Tax in Kind” (1863): statewide tax on agriculture Money supply increased by 20 times by 1864
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Women and Children in the South
Men and slaves gone, women in charge Inflation & blockade lead to huge shortages: Richmond Bread Riots, 1863 Union armies target farms/plantations War losses touch everyone in the South
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Southern Conscription
Conscription passed in 1862 All males 18-35 Later expanded to 17-50 Exemptions available Draft will be resented by poor, white farmers and “states’ righters”
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Northern Conscription
Conscription passed in 1863 All men 20-45 Draft used when states couldn’t meet “quotas” Men could hire substitutes or pay commutation money
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New York City Draft Riots (July 13-16, 1863)
Resentment builds among working class and poor Anger explodes into deadly protests in NYC: Draft officers & African-Americans attacked Buildings looted and burned Gov. sends in 4,000 troops 120 civilians killed, 11 blacks lynched, 50 buildings destroyed
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Women and Children in the North
Volunteer as nurses Took jobs in mines, mills, and munitions plants Allegheny Arsenal Disaster (Sept. 17, 1862) Ran businesses and farms
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The “Threat” of Peace in the North
“Copperheads”-Peace Democrats who despised Lincoln and “abolitionism” Will nominate George McClellan in 1864 Many Democrats called for peace negotiations by 1862
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African-American Soldiers
First attempts in New Orleans and Kansas 54th Massachusetts: formed in Feb. 1863 Confederates issued orders to enslave or execute black POW’s First lead attack: Assault on Battery Wagner, July 18th, 1863 180,000 black troops eventually served
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