1. Do Now What is cancer? What are some different types of cancer?
What causes cancer?
Do you know anyone who has suffered from cancer?

2. Objectives To understand how cancer forms.
To compare and contrast benign and malignant tumors.
Explain the different categories of cancer.

3. Cancer cells begin as normal cells that become mutated in a process called “transformation”.
When cell division goes wrong. 

4. Transformation Transformation is caused by mutations.
Mutations can result from a variety of different “carcinogens” (things that cause cancer).
Carcinogens can “trigger” a mutation.

5. Carcinogens
Tobacco
“Dip” : contains 28 known carcinogens.
Cigarettes

6. Carcinogens UV Light Always wear sunscreen!
Causes skin cancer (most common type of cancer)
Tanning beds linked to “melanoma”- deadliest type of skin cancer.
Always wear sunscreen!

7. Carcinogens Pesticides
Overexposure has been known to cause leukemia and lymphoma.

8. Hereditary
Some cancers are inherited through mutated genes that “turn on” the cancer.

9. What happens after transformation?
Cancer cells divide and create new cancer cells…
Usually our bodies can get rid of unwanted cells, but sometimes they fail to destroy them.
Cells usually get rid of bad cells through apoptosis (cell death).

10. When we need more cells for reasons we discussed in class, we have genes called “proto-oncogenes” that cause our cells to divide.
When we have enough cells, we have other genes called “tumor suppressing genes” that stop our cells from dividing.
Oncogene: Gene that can cause cancer
They work together to regulate cell growth!

11. Rapid Growth
Cells have “density-dependent inhibition”, once an area is filled, they stop dividing. In cancer cells, they keep going and cause tumors.
Cancer has no boundaries

12. Tumors Benign tumor Malignant tumor Abnormally growing mass of cells
Can disrupt certain organs, ex: brain, if they get too big
Can be completely removed with surgery
Malignant tumor
Spreads into neighboring tissues
Can metastasize, enter blood and lymph vessels, and spread to other organs and parts of the body

13. Categories of Cancer Carcinomas Sarcomas Leukemias and lymphomas
Originates in external or internal “coverings” such as skin or the lining of the intestine
Sarcomas
In tissues that support the body such as bone and muscle
Leukemias and lymphomas
In blood-forming tissues such as bone marrow, spleen, and lymph nodes.