1. Blood Vessels
Chapter 21

2. Functions of Blood Vessels
Carry blood away from the heart - arteries
Transport blood to tissues - capillaries
Return blood to the heart – veins

3. Walls of Blood Vessels 3 layers
Inner layer is endothelium = tunica intima
Middle layer = tunica media
Outer layer = tunica externa
Vasa vasorum are the vessels that supply the larger blood vessels

4. Atherosclerosis

5. Arteries Elastic arteries are the large arteries
Muscular arteries are the smaller arteries
Arterioles are very small, <0.5mm in diameter
Capable of vasoconstriction and vasodilation

6. Systemic Arterial System
FG22_10.JPG
Title: An Overview of the Systemic Arterial System
Notes: Figure is an overview of the arterial system. This figure indicates the relative locations of major systemic arteries.
Keywords: arterial system, systemic, carotid, aorta, subclavian, axillary, renal, mesenteric, iliac, femoral, genicular, popliteal, brachial, celiac, brachiocephalic, vertebral, palmar, plantar

7. Major Arteries of the Trunk
FG22_16.JPG
Title: Major Arteries of the Trunk
Notes: Diagrammatic view of the major arteries of the trunk.
Keywords: arteries, trunk, abdominal aorta, gonadal, mesenteric, splenic, gastric, celiac, phrenic, hepatic, suprarenal, renal, lumbar, iliac, thoracic aorta, pericardials, esophageals, bronchials, mediastinals, intercostals, subclavian, vertebral thyrocervical

8. Arteries of the Chest and Upper Extremity
FG22_12A.JPG
Title: Arteries of the Chest and Upper Extremity
Notes: (a) Arteries originating along the aortic arch shown branching into the chest and upper arm. (b)Anterior view of forearm. (c)Anterior view of axillary region. (d)Flow chart showing arterial distribution from the aortic arch.
Keywords: arteries, chest, upper extremity, aortic arch, carotid, brachiocephalic, ascending, descending, thoracic, abdominal, ulnar, brachial, subscapular, brachial, humeral, thyrocervical, vertebral, suprascapular, axillary, intercostals, radial, palmar

9. Capillaries All blood-tissue exchange occurs here
Tissue = tunica intima
Three types
Continuous
Fenestrated
Sinusoids

10. Capillary Bed with Precapillary Sphincters

11. Veins Venules Medium-sized veins Large veins
Very small
Contain only tunica intima and tunica externa
Medium-sized veins
Large veins
contain the same 3 layers as arteries
Tunica media is much thinner
Tuna externa is the thickest layer

12. Veins with Valves
Some veins contain valves – prevent blood from flowing backwards

13. Varicose Veins www.sirweb.org/patPub/varicoseVeinMain.shtml

14. Systemic Venous System
FG22_21.JPG
Title: An Overview of the Systemic Venous System
Notes: All of the systemic veins (except the cardiac veins) drain into either the superior vena cava or the inferior vena cava. The superior vena cava (SVC) receives blood from the tissues and organs of the head, neck, chest, shoulders, and upper extremities.
Keywords: systemic venous system, overview, jugular, vertebral, subclavian, axillary, cephalic, brachial, basilic, hepatic, cubital, radial, antebrachial, ulnar, palmar, digital, saphenous, popliteal, peroneal, tibial, plantar, femoral, iliac, lumbar, gonadal

15. Venous System of the Trunk and Upper Limb
FG22_23.JPG
Title: The Venous Drainage of the Trunk and Upper Limb
Notes: A diagrammatic view of the venous drainage of the trunk and upper limb.
Keywords: venous drainage, upper extremities, chest, abdomen, vertebral, jugular, subclavian, brachiocephalic, vena cava, axillary, cephalic, hemiazygos, brachial, basilic, phrenics, suprarenals, radial, iliac, lumbars, gonadals, renals, hepatics, mediastinals