1. Kocaeli University Introduction to Engineering Applications
Signal Processing
Kocaeli University
Introduction to Engineering Applications

2. Outline Signals and Signal Processing Systems Applications
Human Speech
Speech Processing Applications

3. Signals What is a signal?
A signal is a function that conveys information about the behavior or attributes of some phenomenon
The IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing states that the term "signal" includes audio, video, speech, image, communication, geophysical, sonar, radar, medical and musical signals
Signal processing is a subfield of mathematics, information and electrical engineering that concerns the analysis, synthesis, and modification of signals
For example, signal processing techniques are used to improve signal transmission fidelity, storage efficiency, and subjective quality, and to emphasize or detect components of interest in a measured signal

4. Signals
An example;

5. Signals Lessons closely related to signal processing
Core lessons; mathematics, probability theory, linear algebra, introduction to programming, computer programming
Some other core lessons; electrical circuit theory, circuits and systems, analog communications, digital communications, signals and systems, digital signal processing
And others; speech processing, image processing, video processing, advanced communication systems etc...

6. Signals
Signals can be divided into two broad catogories; analog and digital signals or continous time and discrete time signals
A continous time signal can be converted to discrete time digital signal by means of sampling and quantization
Sampling Quantization

7. Systems
A microphone is an acoustic-to-electric sensor that converts sound into an electrical signal
There are different types of microphones according to
The type of conversion technology they use (dynamic, condenser, ribbon and crystal)
The polar patterns (omnidirectional, unidirectional, cardioid)

8. Human speech How human speech looks like?
The source-filter model of speech production
Acoustic speech output is commonly considered to result from a source of sound energy (e.g., the larynx) modulated by a transfer function determined by the shape of the supralaryngeal vocal tract
Transfer
Function
Source
Speech

9. Systems A system can be viewed as a process in which;
Input signals are transformed by the system or cause the system to respond in some way resulting in other signals as outputs
A diagram for a discerete time system
System
(S)
Input Signal
x[n]
Output Signal
y[n]

10. Systems A system (a filter) to remove noise from human speech
This is a part of weekly homework from 4th class lesson ‘digital signal processing applications’
You need MATLAB to do this homework

11. Speech Applications
Text-to-Speech (TTS)

12. Speech Applications
Speech Recognition (SR)

13. Speech Applications
Speaker Recognition

14. Speech Applications
Voice Conversion

15. Speech Applications
Others ...

16. Machine Learning
Machine learning is a field of artificial intelligence (AI) that uses statistical techniques to give computer systems the ability to "learn" from data, without being explicitly programmed
Machine learning explores the study and construction of algorithms that can learn from and make predictions on data
Machines that can understand and communicate with us

17. Deep Learning
Your brain is like a machine with many different parts that all work together
The human brain consists of neurons or nerve cells which transmit and process the information received from our senses
Many such nerve cells are arranged together in our brain to form a network of nerves. This network passes electrical impulses from one neuron to the other

18. Deep Learning
Inspired from our brain, artificial neural networks (ANN) are proposed to learn information from data

19. Questions?
Thank you!