1. Section 2: Functional Groups (chapter 23)

2. Functional Groups: A group of atoms attached to a hydrocarbon chain that gives it specific properties.
Example: Alcohol Functional Group
Propane: Properties:
Propanol: New Properties:

3. Halocarbons: Compound Structure:
Solubility: More soluble with more halogens attached to hydrocarbon
Boiling Point: Increase with increasing number of halogen
2 Cool Facts: Used for anesthetics, refrigerants, and industrial cleaning supplies

4. Alcohol: Structure: R- OH
Solubility: Soluble with hydrocarbons fewer than 4 carbons
Boiling Point: High boiling points
2 Cool Facts: Use as fuel, antifreeze, fats, and oils

5. Ether: Structure: Solubility: Yes
Boiling Point: Slightly lower BP than alcohol but higher than other hydrocarbons
2 Cool Facts: Used as anesthetics

6. Aldehyde:
Structure:
Solubility: In all proportions for hydrocarbons less than 4 carbons long.
Boiling Point: Slightly Lower boiling points than alcohols and are liquid or solid at room temperature.
2 Cool Facts: Fragrant smells and penetrating odors.

7. Ketone: Structure: Solubility: For less than 4 carbons long
Boiling Point: Lower than alcohols. Solids and liquids at room temperatures
2 Cool Facts: Fragrant odors

8. Carboxylic Acid: Structure: Solubility: Yes, for small compounds
Boiling Point: Higher boiling points than other functional groups.
2 Cool Facts: Lower members are colorless and have unpleasant odors and larger molecules are waxy and oily.

9. Ester:
Structure:
Solubility: Slightly soluble for molecules less than 4 to 5 carbons long.
Boiling Point: Lower boiling points
2 Cool Facts: Have fruity smells

10. Esterification: Production of an ester by mixing carboxylic acid with an alcohol in the presence of a catalyst.

12. Draw the ester from the two compounds:

13. Saponification: Process of making soap by using fat and a strong base.

15. Video for soap making:
ideoId=AbsY68lrCWo

16. Making Biodesiel:

17. Warm up:
Describe what a functional group is and how it affects a hydrocarbon.

18. Soap Making Lab
Objective: Students will make soap using oil and sodium hydroxide.
Materials: List all materials used.
Procedure:
Measure out 100g of oil
Calculate the amount of NaOH needed. (show calc)
Prepare NaOH mixture
Heat both materials to 50 C and then add.
Analysis: Explain how soap is made using both drawings of the reaction and an explination.