1. Key Issue #1 Where did services originate?
Chapter 12
Key Issue #1
Where did services originate?

2. Services
A service is any activity that fulfills a human want or need and returns money to those who provide it.
Most people (3/4) in MDCs work in the service, or tertiary sector.
Services generate more than 2/3 of GDP in most MDCs.

4. Types of Services
Consumer services- provide services to individual consumers who desire them and can afford to pay for them. About 44% of U.S. jobs
4 main types:
Retail and wholesale services (15%)
Education services (11%)
Health services (12%)
Leisure and hospitality services (10%)

5. Business Services – to facilitate other businesses (24%)
3 main types
Financial services (6%) FIRE (Finance, Insurance, Real Estate)
Professional Services (12%) (law, management, accounting, engineering)
Transportation and similar services (6%)

6. Public Services – provide security and protection for citizens and businesses (17%)
¼ of public service employees work for the federal gov’t,
¼ for one of the state gov’ts
½ in local gov’t

7. Changes in # of Employees
Growth in all service areas
Employment grew more rapidly in professional business services (engineering, management, law), data processing, advertising, and temp agencies
In consumer services, most rapid increase has been with health care, education, recreation, entertainment
In public service, jobs have declined across the board

8. Employment Change in U.S.
Fig 12-2: Growth in employment in the U.S. since 1970 has been entirely in the tertiary sector, with the greatest increase in professional services.

9. Origins of Services Services are clustered in settlements. Why settle?
To offer consumers services (burial sites, religious purposes)
To house families
Manufacturing centers (people needed tools, clothing, and other goods)
To offer public services (to protect families)
People began to specialize and trade services for another

10. Early Public Services
Probably followed religious services into settlements – strategic reasons
For defense, settlements might be surrounded by a wall – defenders stationed around to watch for attackers

11. Early Business Services
People began to bring objects and materials that they collected or produced into the settlement for trade
The settlement was seen as neutral ground.
Officials began to keep records, later creating currency systems

12. Services in Early Urban Settlements
4 urban settlement hearths:
Mesopotamia (Fertile Crescent, Middle East)
Egypt
China
SE Asia’s Indus Valley
Earliest urban settlements:
Ur in Mesopotamia (present day Iraq) 3000 B.C.E.
Titris Hoyuk (present day Turkey) suggests well-planned communities

13. Ancient Athens Largest city state in ancient Greece
First city to attain population of 100,000
Made significant contributions to culture, philosophy
By Leo von Klenze - Neue Pinakothek (Gallery), Munich, Public Domain,

14. Ancient Rome
Established as center of administrative, military and public services
Grew to at least 250,000
The Colosseum at night

16. The Trevi Fountain

17. The Pantheon, burial site of Raphael

18. Services in Medieval Cities
Urban life in Europe revived in 11th century as feudal lords established new urban settlements
Rights given to residents in exchange for military service
People looked to expand trade with new freedom from serfdom
New roads built to accommodate trade

19. Buildings built around a central market square
Urban settlements usually surrounded by walls
Densely built cities