1. Middle Colonies and the Lower South

2. The Middle & Lower South Colonies
Explain the development of the mid-Atlantic colonies; include the Dutch settlement of New Amsterdam and subsequent English takeover, and the settlement of Pennsylvania.

3. The 1st “middle” colony was New Netherland created by the Dutch West India Company
To attract settlers, the Dutch recruited Swedes, Germans, & Africans; New Netherland became very diverse
Britain did not like the Dutch a colony between their Chesapeake & New England colonies
Explain the development of the mid-Atlantic colonies; include the Dutch settlement of New Amsterdam and subsequent English takeover, and the settlement of Pennsylvania.
In 1664, Britain seized the Dutch colony from Governor Stuyvesant & renamed it New York
Dutch governor Peter Stuyvesant resisted Britain’s takeover of New Netherlands but could not get the colonists to assist him

4. In what ways might Pennsylvania be different from other British colonies?

5. One of the most important middle colonies was Pennsylvania which was founded by William Penn in 1681

6. Penn was a member of a religious sect called Quakers who believed in the “Inner Light,” all people are equal, & that people can communicate directly with God

7. Penn founded his colony as a “holy experiment” to promote religious toleration
He bought land from the Indians, banned slavery, & allowed a diverse population to move there

8. The middle colonies had two of the best ports for trade in America: Philadelphia & New York

9. The image below is from the “Lower South” colony of South Carolina
The image below is from the “Lower South” colony of South Carolina. Which other colony might it be similar to? Why?

10. The Lower South colonies were the last British colonies to be formed
The Carolinas & Georgia developed like Virginia with a cash crop economy, slavery, & gaps between rich & poor colonists
Georgia was created by James Oglethorpe as a buffer colony between Carolina & Spanish Florida & was populated by British debtors & prisoners

11. In addition to the 13 colonies, Britain had colonies in the Caribbean
Colonies like Barbados & Jamaica were profitable, producing sugar for Britain
In addition to the 13 colonies, Britain had colonies in the Caribbean

13. Life in the British Colonies

14. Essential Question:
What were the political, economic, & social characteristics of the British colonies in North America?

15. Government in the Colonies
All British colonies were governed with a policy called Salutary Neglect
British Parliament & the king controlled the colonies, but did not enforce its policies as long as Britain profited from the colonies
Almost all the colonies had a royal governor, but their salaries were paid by the colonists so governors rarely overturned local laws

16. Government in the Colonies
This loose control allowed the colonists to create their own colonial assemblies
Colonial assemblies were democratic self-governments made up of colonists who passed their own laws & taxes
Typically, colonial assemblies were controlled by the wealthy landowners

17. Two Examples of Colonial Government
The Virginia House of Burgesses
Massachusetts Town Meetings

18. Economics in the Colonies
The American colonies were an important part of the trans-Atlantic trade network
Economics in the Colonies
The colonies produced profitable raw materials, such as tobacco, wheat, fish, indigo, & whale oil
Britain sold manufactured goods back to the colonists, like clothing, tea, guns, & tableware

19. What were the top 3 colonial exports?
South
South
Middle
South
New England
New England

20. Economics in the Colonies
Increased demand for colonial raw materials, increased the demand for African slaves
Economics in the Colonies
This network created a series of triangular trades among America, Europe, & Africa

21. Mercantilism
By the 1650s, Britain began to embrace the economic policy of mercantilism based on the idea that the colonies exist to generate wealth for the mother country
Mercantilism is
based on the idea of a balance of trade in which a nation exports more than it imports

22. The Navigation Acts required the colonists to trade only with Britain
Mercantilism meant that Britain began to control & regulate colonial trade
In 1660, Britain began the first of a series of Navigation Acts designed to restrict colonial trade & increase British wealth
The Navigation Acts required the colonists to trade only with Britain

23. All 13 of the British colonies participated in the trans-Atlantic trade…
“Northern” Colonies
“Southern” Colonies
…But regional differences led to a long-term division between the “Southern” & “Northern” colonies

24. By the 1700s, church attendance in the colonies had declined
In the 1730s & 1740s, the Great Awakening began as preachers used revivals to encourage religious conversions
Outside of NE, 1 in 15 people was a member of a church; NE suffered a decline in church attendance (1:5 were members)

25. Preachers like Jonathan Edwards & George Whitefield were popular evangelists
Preachers used “fire & passion” & camp revivals” to encourage people to examine their faith
The Great Awakening led to a rise of new religious denominations like Methodists & Baptists
The Great Awakening took place in all colonies & became the first national American event