1. APUSH: Chapter 7 The Jeffersonian Era
[7-1] THE RISE OF CULTURAL NATIONALISM: pp
[7-2] STIRRINGS OF INDUSTRIALISM: pp
[7-3] JEFFERSON THE PRESIDENT: pp
[7-4] DOUBLING THE NATIONAL DOMAIN: pp
[7-5] EXPANSION AND WAR: pp
[7-6] THE WAR OF 1812: pp

2. “We are all republicans, we are all federalists”. Thomas Jefferson,
“We are all republicans, we are all federalists” Thomas Jefferson, Inaugural Address

3. [7-1] THE RISE OF CULTURAL NATIONALISM: pp. 181-188
Patterns of Education
Medicine and Science
Cultural aspirations in the New Nation
Religious Skepticism
The Second Great Awakening

4. Republican vision of America → virtuous and enlightened citizenry
Est a nationwide system of public schools
This remained a principle or vision not a reality
Private schools → open to those who could pay → religious in South/secular in North
Elitist and all male
Education

5. New educational opportunities for women → related to the idea of the “republican mother” → no space for women in colleges
Indian education → idea of the “noble savage” → reform and redeem ignorant and “backward” people
Education
Education for African Americans → no white people believed in → expressly forbidden in the South
Higher Education → only for elites → curriculum was the classics and theology

6. Medicine and Science Medical training was apprenticeship
New scientific approach struggled with prejudices and superstition
Benjamin Rush → pioneering Philadelphia physician
Bleeding and purging
Death of George Washington
Decline of Midwifery → male physicians replace female midwives

7. Cultural Aspirations of the New Nation
Establishment of a national culture → dream of an American literary and artistic life to rival Europe
Jediah Morse → textbooks
Noah Webster → Americanized and simplified system of spelling → dictionary

8. Washington Irving Leader of American literary life in this era
The Legend of Sleepy Hollow → the headless horseman
Rip Van Winkle

9. Religious Skepticism
Am. Rev. → weakened traditional religion → detached churches from govt
New rational theologies → deism → the “clock maker god”
Religious skepticism → Universalism and Unitarianism
Traditional evangelical religion v. rationalism → Second Great Awakening

10. Second Great Awakening
Revival of traditional religion in early 1800’s
Led by the Presbyterians, Methodists, and Baptists
Evangelical fervor
Cane Ridge 1801 → “camp meeting”
Second Great Awakening

11. “Camp Meetings” of the Second Great Awakening

12. Peter Cartwright Charles Grandison Finney

13. The Second Great Awakening
Message of the Second Great Awakening:
Readmit God and Christ in their daily life
Fervent, active piety
Reject skeptical rationalism
Preponderant role of women → access to a new range activities in churches
African Americans and the revivals
Emergence of black preachers – key figures in the slave community

14. The Second Great Awakening
Indians and the Second Great Awakening
Presbyterian and Baptist missionary work
Handsome Lake – revival of traditional Indian ways
Freethinkers → term for rational nontraditional Christians → became a small defensive minority

15. [7-2] STIRRINGS OF INDUSTRIALISM: pp. 188-192
Technology in America
Transportation Innovations
The Rising Cities

16. Technology in America
Despite Jefferson’s hope for the U.S. as simple agrarian republic → first steps began in transformation into an urban, industrial society
Export of textile machinery and emigration of skilled mechanics into America

17. Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin
Growth of the textile industry in N. England → creates enormous demand for cotton → challenge was to separate seeds from cotton fiber → short-staple cotton → machine to do this task

18. Expansion of cotton agriculture
Maintenance of slavery
The cotton gin’s impact on the north
Development of textile industry
Wedge between North and South

19. Transportation Innovations
Prerequisite of industrialization is transportation system
Rapid growth of American shipping → merchant marine and foreign trade
Improve transportation between the states and into the interior of the continent
Robert Fulton’s steamboat

20. The Turnpike Era
First toll road built in 1792 between Philadelphia and Lancaster
Turnpikes were constructed by private companies → had to return profits

21. Rising Cities
America in the early 19th century was mainly rural and agrarian
Philadelphia and New York were largest cities
Urban life → people lived differently → affluence → wanted increasing refinement and elegance → wanted entertainment

22. [7-3] JEFFERSON THE PRESIDENT: pp. 192-197
The Federal City and the “People’s President”
Dollars and Ships
Conflict with the Courts

23. “We are all Republicans, we are all Federalists”
Restrained and conciliatory
Minimize difference between parties
Calm passions of bitter campaign

24. The Federal City and the “People’s President”
The New Capital City → little more than a provincial village
Representatives visited in for sessions of the legislature then left quickly
Jefferson acted in a spirit of democratic simplicity → presented himself a plain, average guy
Jefferson the Politician → shrewd and practical →use of patronage and appointment

25. Dollars and Ships Limiting the federal govt: Abolished internal taxes
Reduced govt spending → cut the debt
Military cutbacks
Challenging the Barbary Pirates → N. African states demanded protection money to trade in the Med → Jeff builds up fleet in response

26. “Revolution of 1800” Electoral College.. Hamilton…
First orderly transfer of power from one party to another
(12th Amendment 1804)

27. Conflict with the Courts
Judicial Review → the idea that the Supreme Court has the nullify act of Congres/declare an act to be unconstitutional
The Court’s authority to do this resulted from the case of Marbury v. Madison

28. Midnight Judges Adams… Judiciary Act 1801…
Attempt to entrench Federalist Power
Fear of Federalist judges → repeal of Judiciary Act

29. Marbury v. Madison

30. John Marshall Chief Justice Served on court 34 years…
Established the Supreme Court and Judiciary branch as equals to the Executive and Legislative branchs

31. Impeachment of Samuel Chase
Jefferson urged Congress to impeach judges who were obstructing his policies
They target Supreme Court Justice Chase for political reasons → acquitted → est the idea that impeachment could not be used as a political weapon or partisan tool

32. [7-4] DOUBLING THE NATIONAL DOMAIN: pp. 197-202
Jefferson and Napoleon
The Louisiana Purchase
Lewis and Clark Explore the West
The Burr Conspiracy

33. Jefferson and Napoleon
Napoleon’s New World plans
Treaty of San Ildefonso
Toussaint L’Ouverture and Santo Domingo

34. U.S. offers to buy New Orleans
Napoleon’s offer → why not buy the entire Louisiana Territory
Nap’s logic → France doesn’t have the resources to secure and American empire and he needs money for Euro war

35. Louisiana Purchase Deal reached in 1803 → $15 million
It was a great deal and great for the nation
Jefferson was torn → wasn’t this loose construction of the Constitution and strong federal govt action?

36. Expedition to cross the continent and reach the Pacific → gather geographic info and prospects for trade w/the Indians
Meriwether Lewis: Jefferson’s personal secretary
William Clark: veteran army officer
Sacajawea: Shoshoni guide and translator
Lewis and Clark

37. Lewis and Clark Expedition

38. Zubulon Pike – another explorer sent to the new Louisiana Territory
Upper Mississsippi Valley
Arkansas River Valley into Colorado

39. Louisiana Territory and expansion meant the weakening of N
Louisiana Territory and expansion meant the weakening of N. England and Federalist power
Essex junto → extremist Federalists who try to secede from the Union → Hamilton rejects this and it fails
Burr Conspiracy

40. Federalists turn to Aaron Burr in New York → Hamilton accuses Burr of treason → Burr loses election for N.Y. governor → blames Ham/challenges him to a duel
Burr kills Hamilton at Weehawken, NJ in 1804
Burr gets involved in a scheme in the West to take over Mexico and maybe the Southwest → Burr is arrested and tried for treason but acquitted
Hamilton and Burr

41. [7-5] EXPANSION AND WAR: pp. 202-208
Conflict on the Seas
Impressment
“Peaceable Coercion”
The “Indian Problem” and the British
Tecumseh and the Prophet
Florida and War Fever

42. European war caused the British and the French tried to prevent the United States from trading the other
This will combine will problems with westward expansion and conflict with the Indians → these two things lead to the War of 1812 → unpopular conflict with ambiguous results
The Napoleonic Wars

43. Conflict on the Seas
American merchant marine → controlled shipping between Europe and the West Indies
Napoleonic Wars
The Continental System
British “orders in council”
Americans just wanted to trade and do business
Warring parties were violating America’s rights as a neutral power
British seen a the worst offender

44. impressment The Chesapeake-Leopard Incident:
American frigate the Chesapeake refused a Brit boarding party
Brit ship the Leopard opens fire
Cause diplomatic crisis
Gets settled but Brits refuse to renounce impressment
“impressed” (forced) service in Brit navy
Desertions
Loss of manpower
Stop and search American merchant ships

45. Peaceable Coercion

46. The Embargo 1807
Congress passes an act prevent American ships from leaving port for foreign ports anywhere
Economic depression
Jefferson ends policy of “peaceable coercion”
Non-Intercourse Act 1810 → replaces the Embargo → reopened trade w/all nations except Britain and France

47. The “Indian Problem” and the British
William Henry Harrison:
Advocate of growth and dev in western lands
Harrison land law
Apptd governor of Indiana → carry out Jeffersons policy → threats, bribes, trickery to force them into treaties giving up their land
Jefferson’s offer → convert to settled farmers and assimilate → become part of white society
Or, migrate west of the Mississippi
British feared invasion of Canada → renewed friendship w/Indians and provided supplies

48. Tecumseh and the Prophet
the Prophet used religion to unify tribes and argued for separation from white americans and rooted in tribal tradition
Tecumseh → unity was key to resistance → drive out the whites/recover Ohio Valley
Harrison attacks Prophetstown → Battle of Tippecanoe
Americans saw the Brits to blame for stir up the Indians → solution = drive the Brits out of Canada and annex it
Tecumseh and the Prophet

49. The Battle of Tippecanoe

50. Florida and War Fever In the north demands to conquer Canada
In the south the demand was for conquest of Spanish Florida
War w/Britain gives an excuse to take Florida

51. War Hawks – supporters of war with Britain → nationalist expansionists and spread republican values

52. [7-6] THE WAR OF 1812: pp
Battles with the Tribes
Battles with the British
The Revolt of New England
The Peace Settlement

54. Battles with the Tribes
Early defeats → war started w/great enthusiasm → failure of the invasion of Canada → Brit navy drives Am ships to port and blockades the U.S.
Put-in-Bay – American naval victories on the Great Lakes
Oliver Hazard Perry
Harrison re-invades Canada → Tecumseh killed
Andrew Jackson win battles against Indians and Spanish in Florida

55. Battles with the British
The British Invasion → summer of 1814 British sail up Chesapeake and enter and burn Washington D.C. → they move on to Baltimore
Fort McHenry
Francis Scott Key
“The Star Spangled Banner”
Battle of New Orleans → major American victory by Americans led by Andrew Jackson → happened several weeks after the war ended

57. “Mr. Madison’s War”

58. The Battle of New Orleans

59. The Revolt of New England
The war from became increasingly unpopular → Federalists in New England hated the war and the Republican govt that was waging it → some began to dream of succession → Federalists meet at the Hartford Convention to discuss grievances → war ends, victory in New Orleans → Federalists look bitter, irrelevant, and even treasonous → this marks the death blow of the Federalist Party

60. Hartford Convention

61. Treaty of Ghent → ended the War of 1812 → Americans give up demands for end of Brit impressment and control of Canada/Brits give up plan for Indian buffer state in Northwest
Rush-Bagot Agreement → mutual disarmament on the Great Lakes
The Peace Settlement