1. 59 Problems 5/12
What are some problems we face in the U.S. today?

2. From Republic to Empire

4. Disorder in the Republic
After the Punic Wars….
Roman armies won wherever they went, yet problems were building at home.
Dishonest officials stole money.
Gaps between rich and poor was growing. (Even after the Plebeians gained rights)
Meanwhile, generals were working together to take over the government.

5. Disorder in the Republic
Rome in 70 B.C. was a dangerous place to live.
The army took on a new role and entered politics.
Politicians & generals fought for power.
Wars and Riots broke out in the city.

6. The 1st Triumvirate
The 3 most powerful generals were Crassus, Pompey, & Julius Caesar.
Together the 3 formed the first Triumvirate to rule Rome.
A Triumvirate is a political alliance of 3 people.

7. Caesar’s Military Campaign
Caesar was a great General. He was admired for his bravery and skill in battle.
His soldiers respected him because he treated them well.
After one of his victories he announced 3 famous words.
“Veni, Vidi, Vici”

8. Caesar’s Rise to Power
His military successes made him a key figure in Roman politics.
Since he was a good speaker, he won support with his speeches.

9. Trouble in Paradise
The partnership between Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus fell apart after 10 years.
Caesar grew too popular and his friends grew jealous.
Crassus was killed in battle.
Pompey’s allies in the Senate ordered Caesar to give up command of his armies.
They wanted Pompey to control Rome alone.

10. Caesar Refused
Caesar refused and led his troops into Rome for a confrontation.
He crossed the Rubicon (a small river) into Italy with 5,000 of his troops.
Caesar knew there was no turning back.
War was certain because Roman law said no general could enter Italy with his army.
This began a civil war in Rome.

12. The Chase
Pompey and his allies fled Italy and Caesar’s army gave chase.
They chased Pompey for one year into Greece
Pompey was killed in 48 B.C.

13. Caesar the Dictator
When Caesar returns to Rome in 45 B.C. he declares himself dictator for life.
This broke the tradition that allowed dictators to hold power for short periods of time.

14. Caesar Improves Rome
He gave citizenship to people living out side of Italy.
Gave land to the landless.
Created more jobs
Ordered landowners to hire more free workers and not use only slave labor.

15. Caesar’s Power
Even though he tried to improve Rome by creating more jobs people were mad at the way he gained power.
Caesar’s growing power worried many patricians.
They were scared he would destroy the republic and become king.

16. Caesar Assassinated
The senators were especially angry because Caesar reduced their power.
On March 15th 44 B.C. a date known as the “Ides of March” the Senators stabbed Caesar 33 times.
The Roman Republic, founded nearly 500 years earlier, was at its end.