1. Romans
Mediterranean Europe

2. After Greece, Rome was rising. By 100 B. C
After Greece, Rome was rising. By 100 B.C.E, Rome controlled much of the Mediterranean.

3. Rome was found as a republic
Rome was found as a republic. Republics are governed by representatives who are elected by the people.
People who owned property and have a lot of money.

4. The Structure of the Roman Government
Senate
Function: Make laws
Legislative Branch
Assembly
Function: Enforce the law
Executive branch
Consuls
Function: Interpret the law
Judicial branch

5. There were many politicians in Rome.
Think of government as the system.
Think of politics as an people’s opinion on how the government works.

6. Julius Caesar Politician, military general, wealthy man (family)
He conquered Gaul for 9 years

8. By his command, Julius Caesar made several changes.
E.g.
Julius Caesar caused a civil war.
Many people wanted to govern Rome
He claimed victory over Pompey (greatest enemy) and run to Egypt to see help from Cleopatra.

9. Julius Caesar turned into a dictator by 49 B.C.E.
A dictator has absolute control of everything
He gave land to his soldiers
He give free grain to the poor
He ordered a new calendar
He granted Roman citizenship to foreign people
Cause and effect
Should government have limited power? Should government have absolute control of the powers?

10. The senators ordered the execution of Julius Caesar

11. Octavian (Augustus Caesar) “the first emperor”

12. Pax Romana A period of peace in Rome It lasted 200 years
During this period , Rome had achievements on…
Culture
Politics
Knowledge

13. Building of roads, bridges and monuments

14. Old saying: "All roads lead to Rome"

15. Gladiators

16. Latin Language & Literature

18. Latin was the lingua franca and became the base of Romance languages.

19. Marcus Aurelius
The empire was getting too big

20. Freedom of ideas and technology It helped the Roman economy

21. Empire collapsed Changes in government Commodus
Republic to dictatorship
Commodus
180 B.C.
He ignored the recommendations of the senate (selfish man)
New tribes (Germanic) invaded the Roman empire

22. By 395 CE, the empire split into a western and eastern half
The Western Roman empire fell in 476 CE (German invaders)
Huns, Visigoths, Vandals
The Eastern Roman empire last years more

24. Constantine was the first Christian emperor

25. Emperor Constantine
He declared “Constantinople” the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire (330 C.E.)
Byzantine Empire
Istanbul, Turkey

26. The End of the Roman Empire
476 C.E.
Romulus Augustus v. Odoacer
Germanic Tribe
End of the Roman empire