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Forging the National Economy

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Presentation on theme: "Forging the National Economy"— Presentation transcript:

1 Forging the National Economy
Chapter 14 Forging the National Economy

2 Westward Movement America moving west
Emerson said: Europe stretches to the Alleghenies, America lies beyond

3 Young people/young country
1850, ½ country under 30 Restless, energetic, on move, Chicken legs

4 What was life like in West?
Grim Poorly fed, ill clad, shanties, disease, depression, death and loneliness Women suffered No contact Small cabins Not a good life

5 Tough for men too Wrestling, biting, eye gouging
“Self reliance:” Emerson Rugged Individualism Some help from neighbors

6 Shaping the Landscape As people moved west there was a toll on land
Overplanted, burned out, over-trapped Destruction of bison Ecological Imperialism

7 Even though using nature, still respect it
Nationalism influenced appreciation, no one had it Artists like Catlin Painted Nature and Natives Preservation: Led to Yellowstone

8 March of Millions Population doubling every 25 years 1860 33 stars
4th most populous country in world Cities on grow Some byproducts of growth Slums, unsafe, no lights bad water, sewage, Hogs in the streets! Some cities start to pipe water in, eliminated malaria without knowing

9 How did population change?
High Birthrate and Immigration Where did they come from?

10 Irish Germans

11 Many lived in slum like conditions Biddies and Paddies NINA
Ireland 1840’s Potato famine Most ended up in cities Many lived in slum like conditions Biddies and Paddies NINA Fight Af/Ams for jobs Secret societies to protect each other AOH or unions: Molly Maguire's Strove for property ownership Many found their way into city politics

12 Germans Came 1830s-60s Uprooted farmers and political refugees
Brought with them certain ideas like Conestoga wagon, Kindergarten, Kentucky rifle Not always accepted, some issues with drinking on Sundays

13 Anti-foreignism Nativists rear head Said immigrants took their jobs
Commented on drinking Order of the Star Spangled Banner: Developed into Know Nothings Literature: Evil doings of Catholics Violence to schools and churches

14 March of Mechanization
1750s Industrial Revolution starts in England Steam powered mills Took a while to get to US

15 Creeping Mechanization
Use your Cornell notes and page 297 in your book to make a list of 7 reasons why mechanization was slow to the US

16 Why so slow to US? 1. Land was cheap, so farm 2. labor scarce at first
3. money for capital needed 4. Raw materials underdeveloped 5. Consumers scarce 6. superior British Goods 7. monopoly of machinery by British

17 Mechanical Minds Samuel Slater memorizes plans and comes to US
Whitney introduces Interchangeable parts, cotton gin Invigorated slavery N and S profited from Slavery Why NE for mills? Rivers, bad soil, shipping

18 Marvels in Manufacturing
American factories slow till embargo of 1807 Buy American wear American! After 1812, mills start closing 1816 tariff 1st to combat this Interchangeable parts becomes widely accepted

19 Other inventions Sewing Machine: Howe 1846 Singer perfected
New ideas in Corporations Limited Liability: Only lose what put in to business Morse: Telegraph

20 Workers and Wage Slaves
Lost personal touch of apprentice/master Child workers, pre 1820 half of labor force under 10 Adult wage earners, males did better with vote

21 Ideals of democracy led to workingmen’s parties
Employers fought parties and fought worker’s rights 1840 Van Buren gives Fed workers 10 hour day and sets model Strikes begin in 30s/40s Better times/weaker unions Commonwealth v. Hunt Unions legal if not devious

22 Women and Family 6 day work weeks Lowell MA
Mostly domestic or stereotypical Teaching Single Cult of Domesticity/Women’s sphere Domestic feminism Child centered/smaller families Shape child not break child Independent thinking Women and Family

23 Western Farmers Ohio and Indiana were Bread Basket
Cinci, meat processing Needed better transport Used rivers Tough soil in W McCormick Reaper/Deer Plow Farmers become capitalists

24 Highways and Steamboats
Slow transportation Could take 6 months for 60 miles 1790 Lancaster turnpike Problems with roads: Roads expensive, states rights, road went west and took people, made East mad 1811 Cumberland Road: National Road to Maryland to Ill

25 Steamboats: 1807 Clermont: Fulton’s folly 10 mi an hour Canals Erie Clinton digs his own ditch 100 to 5 dollars for ton of grain 20 days to 6 New cities and states

26 Railroad 1828 1st rr miles Not favored first, but eventually won over NY 1833 prohibited RR Dangerous, sparks, crash , brakes, gauge , transfers

27 Transportation binds the union
Brought E and W together Previous w had traded with S Created continental economy Helped in war S slow to build transport lines Specialized economy developed

28 Wealth and Poverty Many benefitted but rich and poor sep. grew
Cities greatest splits Social mobility a myth Better then other places possibilities Innovations Needed to communicate with Brit. Cyrus Field linked Brit and US Clipper ships Pony Express

29 Market Revolution End of the subsistence farmer End of apprenticeship
Buying instead of making Building of roads for goods Wages up so people not noticing issues

30 Good and bad Millionaires on rise Increased prosperity
More chances here than anywhere Wages did go up Inequality in cities Jobless, wandering workers Was America the land of social mobility?

31

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