1. Bell Work Primary and Secondary Processes Read page 40 in Chapter 5 of the Manufacturing book

2. Primary and Secondary Processes

3. Raw materials are converted into products that we can use by primary and secondary processes.
primary processes –
processes by which industrial materials are made

4. 3 Primary Processes:
1. Thermal
- using heat to change the materials properties
- heating ores to extract metal from impurities
2. Mechanical
- cutting or crushing
- cutting logs into lumber

5. 3. Chemical
- using chemical reactions to refine raw materials
- plastics
Secondary processes –
turns industrial materials into usable products

6. Secondary Processes:
1. Casting and Molding – adding liquid to a mold
2. Forming – forcing a material into a permanent shape
3. Separating – changing a material’s size by removing excess
4. Conditioning – changing the internal properties by heat, force, or chemical

7. 5. Assembling – putting parts together
6. Finishing – protecting or improving a surfaces appearance

8. Additive process
- building or adding material to form an item
- 3D printing, stereo lithography, coating

9. Benefits of Additive Manufacturing
- complex geometry/topology (shape)

10. Benefits of Additive Manufacturing
- complex geometry/topology (shape)
- lighter weight

12. Benefits of Additive Manufacturing
- complex geometry/topology (shape)
- lighter weight
- print multiple parts at once

14. Benefits of Additive Manufacturing
- customization
- low volume
- personalization
- time savings
- less post-processing
- finer finishes
- cost

15. Cost Benefits - decrease in material usage - reduced inventory storage - less material removal - time savings - little or no scrap or waste - cuts tooling expenditures

16. Subtractive process
- removing excess material to form it
- sawing, milling
Rapid prototyping/modeling
- new methods of producing prototypes or models quicker than traditional methods

17. Examples Include
- 3D printing 
- modeling and simulation software
- generating .STL files
(stereo-lithography)