1. Kristen Swanson’s Theory of Caring
India S. Sharp, RN

2. Who is Kristen Swanson
Picture retrieved from

3. Theory of Caring Developed in 1991
Initial studies were focused on maternal losses3

4. Five Elements of Caring
Knowing4
Being with4
Doing For4
Enabling4
Maintaining Belief4

5. New Generation
Jean Watson’s Human Caring Theory1,2
Lewis W. Mustard2

6. Finial Thoughts

7. References
1Blais, K. K., & Hayes, J. S. (2011). Professional nursing practice: Concepts and perspectives. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson. 2Mustard L. (2002) Caring and competency. Journal of Nursing Administration 4(2), 36–43. 3Swanson, K.M. (1991). Empirical development of a middle range theory of caring. Nursing Research, 40(3), Tonges, M., & Ray, J. (2011). Translating caring theory into practice: The Carolina are Model. The Journal of Nursing Administration, 41(9),