1. ROME EXPANDS

2. The Punic Wars

3. The Punic Wars
1. Rome comes into conflict with the North African city of Carthage which was once a Phoenician colony.
2. Fights series of three wars called the Punic Wars.

4. The First Punic War

5. The First Punic War
3. Rome builds up a huge navy and attacks Carthage by sea.
4. Used “boarding bridges” which allowed the Romans a way to quickly board the enemy’s ships.
5. War lasts until 241 B.C.- Carthage surrenders and gives up Sicily

6. Q. Was Hannibal a cannibal?
The REAL
2nd Punic Wars
Q.  Was Hannibal a cannibal?
A.  No, he was not.  Although Hannibal did tell his soldiers to eat their fallen comrades if the food supply was spent, there is no record of his own cannibalism. 

7. "We will either find a way, or make one."
Hannibal of Carthage
"We will either find a way, or make one."
6. One of world’s greatest commanders of all time, known as the “father of strategy”
7. It is said that he taught the Romans, who claimed to be fierce descendants of Mars, the meaning of fear.
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A common saying among Romans: "Hannibal ad portas" (“Hannibal is at the Gates!”) to express their fear or anxiety
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8. The Second Punic Wars
8. The Second Punic War begins in 218 B.C.- Carthage was led by Hannibal.
9. Hannibal marches army over the Alps with elephants to attack Italy.
10. Tries to defeat the Romans by destroying the countryside and winning away Rome’s allies.

9. The Second Punic Wars
Hannibal used a technique called the "Pincer Strategy".  The pic above displays exactly how this strategy was implemented.  It involved dividing one's force into two groups and attacking one's foe from both sides.  This strategy was key in Hannibal's victories.

10. The Second Punic Wars
11. Hannibal defeats the Romans at Cannae in 216 B.C.
12. After the defeat, the Romans vowed to conquer the enemy or die on the field of battle.
13. Romans turn the table by attacking city of Carthage under Scipio in 202 B.C. and defeats Hannibal at the Battle of Zama.
Once more, Carthage had to pay a huge sum of money and lost teh Spanish colonies

11. The Second Punic Wars 15. Carthage gives up navy and loses Spain.
16. Rome now controls the western Mediterranean.

12. The Third Punic Wars 17. The Third Punic War begins in 149 B.C.
18. Carthage began to rebuild and Rome became suspicious.
19. Destroys Carthage in 146 B.C.
20. Also had attacked Macedonia which was an ally of Carthage in the Second Punic War- defeats them in 197 B.C.
21. By 133 B.C. Rome took control of most of Greece and was the supreme power in the Mediterranean.

13. The Problems of Expansion
1. Larger area to govern- Senate gains control of the army and foreign policy.
2. Nobles gained more power.
3. New territories called provinces run by a Roman governor- people are not Roman citizens.

14. The Problems of Expansion
4. Wars caused destruction of farmlands in Italy.
5. Farmers gave up their land and food had to be imported.
6. Moved to cities and went on Roman welfare.

15. The Problems of Expansion
7. Trade increases and creates a new class of wealthy businessmen and landowners called equites.
8. The gap between rich and poor continued to grow.

16. History Makers