1. The Origin
of Humans

2. Early Discoveries

3. The Paleolithic Age
“Paleolithic” --> “Old Stone” Age
2,500,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE
Made tools
hunting (men) & gathering (women)  small bands of humans
NOMADIC (moving from place to place)

4. Stage 1
4,000,000 BCE – 1,000,000 BCE
Hominids --> any member of the family of two-legged primates that includes all humans.
Australopithecines
An Apposable Thumb

5. Stage 1 HOMO HABILIS ( “Man of Skills” ) found in East Africa.
created stone tools.

6. The Paleolithic Age Purpose??
Humans during this period found shelter in caves.
Cave paintings left behind.
Purpose??

7. Stage 2
1,6000,000 BCE – 30,000 BCE
HOMO ERECTUS ( “Upright Human Being” )
BIPEDALISM
Larger and more varied tools --> primitive technology
First hominid to migrate and leave Africa for Europe and Asia.
First to use fire ( 500,000 BCE )

8. Stage 3
200,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE
HOMO SAPIENS ( “Wise Human Being” )
Neanderthals ( 200,000 BCE – 30,000 BCE )
Cro-Magnons ( 40,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE )

9. Stage 3 NEANDERTHALS: Neander Valley, Germany (1856)
First humans to bury their dead.
Made clothes from animal skins.
Lived in caves and tents.

10. Stage 3
NEANDERTHALS
Early Hut/Tent

11. Stage 3 CRO-MAGNONs: Homo sapiens sapiens ( “Wise, wise human” )
By 30,000 BCE they replaced Neanderthals.
WHY???

12. Homo sapiens sapiens in Europe

13. The Last Ice Age
70,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE

14. The Neolithic Age Nomadic lifestyle  settled, stationery lifestyle.
“Neolithic”  “New Stone” Age
10,000 BCE – 4,000 BCE
Gradual shift from:
Nomadic lifestyle  settled, stationery lifestyle.
Hunting/Gathering  agricultural production and domestication of animals.

15. The Agricultural Revolution
8,000 BCE – 5,000 BCE
Agriculture developed independently in different parts of the world.
SLASH-AND-BURN Farming
Middle East India Central America China Southeast Asia
8,000 BCE 7,000 BCE 6,500 BCE 6,000 BCE ,000 BCE

16. Early Settled Communities
Growing crops on a regular basis made possible the support of larger populations.
More permanent, settled communities emerged.
9,000 BCE  Earliest Agricultural Settlement at JARMO ( northern Iraq )  wheat

17. Early Settled Communities
8,000 BCE  Largest Early Settlement at Çatal Hüyük ( Modern Turkey )  6,000 inhabitants
12 cultivated crops
Division of labor
Engaged in trade
Organized religion
An obsidian dagger
Small military

18. Early Settled Communities
Çatal Hüyük

19. Göbekli Tepe, Southeast Turkey Religious Center Before Agriculture
10, BC
Served as a central place, with no traces of domestic
buildings or village life
Semi-subterranean circular structure with T-shaped stone
monuments (five mapped, 20 more based on
geophysical survey)

20. Why is the
"Neolithic Revolution"
a turning point
in human history??

21. What is the
next step in the
development of
human settlements??

22. CITIES !
CIVILIZATIONS !!

23. What are the
characteristics
of a civilization??

24. CIVILIZATION Advanced Cities Advanced Technology Specialized Workers
Record-
Keeping
Complex
Institutions