1. Insect and pest control
Dr Paul T Francis, MD
Community Medicine
College of Medicine, Zawia

3. Rodents Types of rodents
Domestic (House rat and Sewer rat)
Wild
Rodents are part of man’s environment and mostly cause harm
Rodents destroy things like household equipment
Rodents eat human food and crops(غلّة)
Rodents spread diseases like plague

4. Diseases spread by rodents
Mode of transmission may be directly through biting, contamination of food or water and through rat fleas
Bacterial – plague
Viral – encephalitis
Rickettsial – scrub typhus
Parasitic – leishmaniasis
Others - leptospirosis

5. Control of rodents Trapping Rat poisons Fumigation
Improved sanitation – prevent accumulation of garbage, proper storage of foods etc.

6. Rat caught in a rat trap

7. Insects (Arthropods)
There are numerous types of insects in the environment.
Some of them are useful for man (e.g. pollination) but most of them are of no use or are harmful to man.
Arthropod borne diseases are a major health problem all over the world

8. List of arthropod borne diseases
Mosquito – Malaria, Filaria, Japanese encephalitis etc.
Housefly – Typhoid, Cholera, Poliomyelitis etc.
Sand fly – Leishmaniasis, sandfly fever etc.
Tsetse fly – Sleeping sickness
Louse – Typhus, trench fever etc.

9. List of arthropod borne diseases
Rat flea – Plague, typhus etc.
Backfly – Onchocerciasis
Reduviid bug – Chagas disease
Hard tick – Tick typhus, encephalitis etc.
Soft tick – Q fever
Trombiculid mite –Scrub typhus
Itch mite – Scabies

10. Type of transmission of diseases
Direct contact – Scabies
Mechanical transmission – disease agent is transmitted mechanically e.g. housefly
Biological transmission – The disease agent multiplies or undergoes some development in the insect

11. Principles of Arthropod control
Environmental control
Elimination of breeding places e.g. water collection to prevent mosquito breeding
Chemical control
Insecticides e.g. DDT, Malathion etc.
Biological control
Use of Gambusia fish to control mosquito larvae
Genetic control
Integrated method – by using different methods