1. Sleep & Dreaming

2. Circadian Rhythm — biological clock

3. Sleep Stages Before sleep
Experience hallucinations (falling or hearing your name)
Stage I—transition between wakefulness and sleep; 5-10 mins
Stage II—rhythmic brain waves; lowered body temp.; heart rate slows; 20 mins

4. Sleep Stages Stage III—transition between light and deep sleep
Stage IV—deep sleep; 30 mins; sleepwalking/talking occur during this stage
REM sleep—increased eye movement, breathing, and brain activity; muscles relax; mins; dreaming

5. More about the Stages Enter REM approx. 90 mins into sleep
Return to Stage II
Cycles through stages 4 or 5 times a night
First REM may be short, but they get longer
Stage 4 becomes shorter

6. Sleep Disorders
Sleep Apnea – person has one or more pauses in breathing or shallow breaths while sleeping
Insomnia – persistent problems falling and staying asleep
Narcolepsy – chronic, overwhelming daytime drowsiness; caused by brain’s inability to regulate sleep-wake cycles normally

7. Dreaming Average of 4-7 dreams per night
Negative emotions are very common while dreaming
Only dream about what we know—based on what we’ve seen before

9. Daydreaming
Study: 45 undergrads given test of creativity - “unusual use” task
4 groups, 12 min break
Resting in a quiet room, difficult short-term memory task, doing something boring, no break
3 groups did the same, BUT the boring task group came up with 41% more creative uses
Able to “incubate” the problem
Allows for creativity and problem-solving

10. Lucid Dreaming Dreaming while knowing you are dreaming
Potential Uses: fantasy/adventure, overcoming fears, practice skills, creativity and problem-solving, mental healing
Beginning to notice details  higher level of awareness in awake state as well

11. Sleep and Teenagers
Do you agree with the points discovered by the researchers about effects on teen ability with little sleep? Explain.
Why do you think school does start so early?

12. Prompt #5
In 4-5 sentences, do you think that the high school start time should stay the same or begin later? Explain your reasoning and be specific.

13. Dream Theories