1. CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION: THE ORIGIN OF LIFE
CONCEPTS:
Importance and Pioneers of Cell Biology
Characteristics of Cells and Cell Theory
Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
Viruses, Virion, Viroids, and Prions

2. Introduction
Cell Biology-The study of the life of the cell is important because cells are the basic units of life:
Cells Tissues  Organs Organ/Systems
Discovery of Cells
Robert Hooke, Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
Basic Properties of Cells
Can grow and reproduce in culture
Undergo biochemical processes and are regulated
Contain genetic materials and respond to stimuli

3. Cell Theory: Schleiden, Schwann and Virchow
Two fundamental classes of Cells
Prokaryotes-all bacteria: Arose 3.5 billion years ago, some are photosynthetic
Eukaryotes- protists, fungi, plants and animals: Arose 1.5 billion years ago
Characteristics of Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes
Complexity: simple (P), complex (E)
Genetic Material: Located in Nucloid region (P), Nucleus (E).

4. Characteristics of Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes
Cytoplasm: membrane-bound organelles and cytoskeletal proteins (E), neither in prokaryotes, 70S ribosomes (P) and 80S (E).
Subkingdoms of Prokaryotes:
Archaebacteria: Methanogens, Halophiles, Thermoacidophiles
Eubacteria: mycoplasma, cyanobacteria, E.coli, etc.

6. Viruses: Obligatory Parasites, Virion-viral particle outside host
Viruses: Obligatory Parasites, Virion-viral particle outside host. Origin: from host
Genome
Protein capsid surrounds genome
Eukaryotic viruses have envolupes
Infections: Lytic or Lysogenic (provirus)
HIV: Lysogenic, budding, host may become malignant.
Other infectious agents: viroid (plants), prions (animals)

8. Overview of the Emergence of cells and infectious agents
(Prokaryotes) Archaebacteria Eubacteria  mitochondrion and chloroplast  Eukaryotes Viruses and other infectious agents