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1. Introduction to the Climate System
1.1 Introduction 1.2 Overview of Midlatitude Climate 1.3 Overview of Tropical Climate Key Concepts from today’s Lecture: The climate system and its interacting components External and internal influences on the climate system Heat Capacity differences between land and ocean and the consequences of this for climate Clausius Clapeyron equation and how this relates to variations in humidity and rainfall in the atmosphere
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1.1 Introduction: The Global Climate System
Figure 1.1
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1.1 Introduction: The Atmosphere
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1.1 Introduction: The Atmosphere
Figure 1.3
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1.1 Introduction: The Atmosphere
Compare heat capacity of air and water
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1.1 Introduction: The Atmosphere
Figure 1.4
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1.1 Introduction: The Atmosphere
Figure 1.5
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1.1 Introduction: The Atmosphere
Figure 1.6
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1.1 Introduction: The Atmosphere
Figure 1.7
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1.1 Introduction: The Atmosphere
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1.1 Introduction: The Ocean
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1.1 Introduction: The Ocean
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1.1 Introduction: The Ocean
Figure 1.11
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1.1 Introduction: The Ocean
See IRI for ENSO discussion:
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1.1 Introduction: The Ocean
Figure 1.12
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1.1 Introduction: The Land Surface
Figure 1.13
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1.1 Introduction: The Land Surface
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The Sahara (>20N) The World’s Largest Desert
Size: 9,000,000 square miles Temperature: 136F (58oC) Rainfall: Half of the Sahara receives < 0.79 inches per year Dust: World’s Largest Dust Source
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The Sahel (15-20N)
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The Soudan (10N-15N)
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The Guinea Coast (10N-15N)
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1.1 Introduction: The Cryosphere
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1.1 Introduction: The Cryosphere
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (orange line shows average minimum ice extent (for period) has lowest sea ice extent in more than 30 years.
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1. Introduction to the Climate System
1.1 Introduction 1.2 Overview of Midlatitude Climate 1.3 Overview of Tropical Climate Key Concepts from today’s Lecture: The climate system and its interacting components External and internal influences on the climate system Heat Capacity differences between land and ocean and the consequences of this for climate Clausius Clapeyron equation and how this relates to variations in humidity and rainfall in the atmosphere Next Lecture will be concerned with the regional circulations and related weather that characterizes midlatitudes and the tropics
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