1. Prof. Dr. Christoph Behrens
WORLD HISTORY
Prof. Dr. Christoph Behrens
Ali Muhammad, M.A., PhD

2. HISTORY WORLD HISTORY – Christoph Behrens / Ali Muhammad
ENTIRITY OF ALL EVENTS
DESCRIPTION OF ALL THAT HAPPENED (HISTORIOGRAPHY)
CONSTRUCT; NEVER A REPRODUCTION OF EVERYTHING TRUE TO REALITY
SUBJECT TO CURRENT ASSESSMENT, CHANGEABLE
ACADEMIC DISCIPLINE:
RECONSTRUCTION OF PAST REALITY THROUGH TECHNIQUES
RESULT DEPENDING ON
OBSERVER
GUIDING QUESTIONS
COGNITIVE INTERESTS (PRE-DEFINITION OF WHAT IS SIGNIFICANT)

3. Conflict, War, Catastrophies
WORLD HISTORY – Christoph Behrens / Ali Muhammad
Biographies
FACTS
and
FIGURES
Conflict, War, Catastrophies
Regions
Leaders
Religion
Technical
Progress
HISTORY
Ideas
Philosophy
DEVELOPMENT
and
INTERPRETATION
Culture
Groups
Art
Mentality
PEOPLE
Thinking
Acting
Feeling

4. Reconstruction of the past can never be true to reality.
WORLD HISTORY – Christoph Behrens / Ali Muhammad
Reconstruction of the past can never be true to reality.
“HISTORIC TRUTH”
is a social (political) construct.
All sources used for an academic historic analysis, the own perspective, cognitive interests and guiding questions need critical reflection.

5. CALCULATION OF TIME WORLD HISTORY – Christoph Behrens / Ali Muhammad
5775/6
WORLD HISTORY – Christoph Behrens / Ali Muhammad
CALCULATION OF TIME
2758
2015
758
1436/7
Gregorian
Islam
Roman
Jewish
China

6. THE WORLD: PERSPECTIVE OF THE FIRST HUMAN
WORLD HISTORY – Christoph Behrens / Ali Muhammad
THE WORLD: PERSPECTIVE OF THE FIRST HUMAN
Me!

7. Me! THE WORLD: PERSPECTIVE OF THE FIRST HUMAN
WORLD HISTORY – Christoph Behrens / Ali Muhammad
THE WORLD: PERSPECTIVE OF THE FIRST HUMAN
The big mysterious certain something
Animals that I really want to eat
Animals that want to eat me
Me!
Source: YANKO TSVETKOV - ATLAS OF PREJUDICES -

8. WORLD HISTORY – Christoph Behrens / Ali Muhammad
Source: YANKO TSVETKOV - ATLAS OF PREJUDICES -

9. EUROPE: PERSPECTIVE OF GREECE (2012)
WORLD HISTORY – Christoph Behrens / Ali Muhammad
EUROPE: PERSPECTIVE OF GREECE (2012)
Source: YANKO TSVETKOV - ATLAS OF PREJUDICES -

10. PERSPECTIVE OF THE USA (2012)
WORLD HISTORY – Christoph Behrens / Ali Muhammad
PERSPECTIVE OF THE USA (2012)
Source: YANKO TSVETKOV - ATLAS OF PREJUDICES -

11. HISTORY Manipulation Persuasion Propaganda Public Relations
WORLD HISTORY – Christoph Behrens / Ali Muhammad
Manipulation
Persuasion
Propaganda
HISTORY
Public
Relations
Information
Facts
Truth

12. HISTORY CAN BE USED TO MANIPULATE, FOR PROPAGANDA AND CONTROL.
WORLD HISTORY – Christoph Behrens / Ali Muhammad
HISTORY CAN BE USED TO MANIPULATE, FOR PROPAGANDA AND CONTROL.

13. WORLD HISTORY – Christoph Behrens / Ali Muhammad
MODERN MEDIA HAVE EXTENDED OPPORTUNITIES TO MANIPULATE REALITY AND PUBLIC OPINION.

14. …AND THIS IS AN ISRAELI PERSPECTIVE ON THE SAME MATTER.
WORLD HISTORY – Christoph Behrens / Ali Muhammad
…AND THIS IS AN ISRAELI PERSPECTIVE ON THE SAME MATTER.
HISTORY IS ALWAYS A MATTER OF PERSPECTIVE AND USED FOR POLITICS. THIS IS A PALESTINIAN PERSPECTIVE...

15. (HISTORY) When we reconstruct past reality
WORLD HISTORY – Christoph Behrens / Ali Muhammad
When we reconstruct past reality
(HISTORY)
we need to take a perspective in order to come to a feasible approach.
We take into account to argue in a selective way, that we are never true to reality.
As the decision for a perspective is inevitable,
our responsibility is to reflect this limitation critically and to communicate it as a part of our academic work.

16. a perspective a perspective HISTORY (HISTORY) on reality.
WORLD HISTORY – Christoph Behrens / Ali Muhammad
HISTORY is
a perspective
on reality.
When we reconstruct past reality
(HISTORY)
we need to take
a perspective
in order to come to a feasible approach.
We take into account to argue in a selective way, that we are never true to reality.
As the decision for a perspective is inevitable,
our responsibility is to reflect this limitation critically and to communicate it as a part of our academic work.

17. WORLD HISTORY – Christoph Behrens / Ali Muhammad
PROPAGANDA FOR LEADERS AND POLITICAL IDEAS IS USING A SIMILAR ICONOGRAPHY ALONG CULTURES, REGIONS AND TIMES.

18. SBY DENUCIANTED AS ENEMY OF THE PEOPLE BY A POLITICAL GROUP IN PAPUA.
WORLD HISTORY – Christoph Behrens / Ali Muhammad
PROPAGANDA IS CREATING ENEMIES, AND SCAPE GOATS. IT REDUCES COMPLEX ISSUES TO SIMPLE VIEWS OF THE WORLD, AND USES THEM FOR POLITICAL INTERESTS.
AMERICANS DENUCIANTED AS ENEMIES OF THE PEOPLE BY NORTH KOREA DURING KOREA WAR.
JEWS DENUCIANTED AS ENEMIES OF THE PEOPLE IN GERMANY DURING NATIONAL SOCIALISM.
SBY DENUCIANTED AS ENEMY OF THE PEOPLE BY A POLITICAL GROUP IN PAPUA.

19. CLASS STRUGGLE IN EUROPE 1911: SOCIALIST POSTER AGAINST
WORLD HISTORY – Christoph Behrens / Ali Muhammad
CLASS STRUGGLE IN EUROPE 1911:
SOCIALIST POSTER AGAINST
OPPRESSION OF WORKERS IN CAPITALISM

20. Reconstruction of the past can never be true to reality.
WORLD HISTORY – Christoph Behrens / Ali Muhammad
SUMMARY:
Reconstruction of the past can never be true to reality.
“HISTORIC TRUTH”
is a social (political) construct.
Question your own perspective, your cognitive interests and your guiding questions!
Be critical about sources you use for an analysis!