1. CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION Chapter 3
Introductory video
CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION Chapter 3

2. Essential Questions What are cells?
What are some characteristics of eukaryotes?
What are some characteristics of prokaryotes?
What are the key differences and similarities between a eukaryote and a prokaryote?
What are some examples of prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
Georgia Perfomance Standard
SB1 a: Students will analyze the nature of the relationships between structures and functions in living cells.
Explain the role of cell organelles for both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, including the cell membrane, in maintaining homeostasis and cell reproduction.

4. 3.1 Cell Theory
A CELL IS THE SMALLEST UNIT OF LIVING MATTER THAT CAN CARRY OUT ALL PROCESSES REQUIRED FOR LIFE.

6. The average human being is composed of around 100 trillion individual cells!!! It would take as many as 50 cells to cover the area of a dot on the letter “i”

7. I’m an amoeba-not only am I a cell, I am an entire organism
Examples of Cells
I’m an amoeba-not only am I a cell, I am an entire organism

8. Examples of Cells
Cell walls in a pine
needle

9. Examples of Cells
Human nerve cell

10. Examples of Cells
Smooth muscle cells

11. Bacterial cell in the straight swimming mode

12. red blood cells

13. Human heart cells

14. What is the largest human cell?
Egg or ovum
approximately 0.1 millimeter
or 100 micrometers

15. What is one of the smallest human cells?
Sperm cell or spermatozoa
Approximately 5 micrometers

16. fertilization

17. 3.1 Cell Theory
The cell theory grew out of the work of many scientists and improvements in the microscope.

18. Robert Hooke (1635-1703) Cell Theory 3.1 Used a simple microscope
Looked at slices of cork
Called the little chambers he saw
CELLS

19. First to observe live organisms through a microscope
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
1674
First to observe live organisms through a microscope

20. I called the wee creatures
“animalcules”

21. In 1838, Matthias Schleiden, German botanist concluded that all plant tissues are composed of cells

22. 1839- German physiologist, Theodor Schwann, concluded that all animal tissues are composed of cells.

23. Cell History
1858- Rudolf Virchow, German physician, concluded that cells must come from preexisting cells.

24. All of this research can be summarized
in the Cell Theory

25. Three Parts of the Cell Theory
One: All organisms are made of one or more cells

26. Two: All cells are produced
Cell Theory
Two: All cells are produced
by existing cells.

27. Three: The cell is the basic unit of life

28. A CELL’S STRUCTURE IS CLOSELY RELATED TO ITS FUNCTION.

29. Biological organization follow this order:
ATOMS  __________  ORGANELLES
MOLECULES

30. ____________ make up  TISSUES
CELLS
____________ make up  TISSUES
Similar cells working together

31. ___________  __________ ___________
ORGAN SYSTEMS
ORGANS
ORGANISM
___________  __________ ___________
Different tissues working together
Different organs working together

32. How living things are organized.

33. Cells can be separated into two broad categories based on their internal structures: Prokaryote & Eukaryote

34. What do all cells have in common?
All cells, prokaryotic or eukaryotic, are surrounded by a membrane.
Within the membrane, all cells are filled with a jelly-like substance called cytoplasm.

35. The cytoplasm contains dissolved substances such as proteins, nucleic acids, mineral and ions.

36. Prokaryotes & Eukaryotes
Some cells contain organelles-structures specialized to perform specific processes within a cell.
Most organelles are surrounded by a membrane.

37. Prokaryotic Cells (prokaryotes)
Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles.

38. Instead, the prokaryote’s DNA is loose in the cytoplasm

39. All prokaryotes are microscopic, single-celled organisms
Bacterium
(colored SEM; magnification 8800x)
All prokaryotes are microscopic, single-celled organisms

40. Eukaryotic Cell (eukaryotes)
Eukaryotes are organisms whose cells have a nucleus & other membrane-bound organelles

41. All bacteria & archea are prokaroytes

42. Some prokaryotes can live in exteme environments such as boiling hot water!

43. Prokaryotes are very old and were probably the first cells on Earth

44. Prokaryotes are the most abundant cell type

45. Most prokaryotes have a cell wall

46. Eukaryotes may be multi-celled or single-celled organisms

47. We are all Eukaryotes

48. Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

49. Who was the first person to see a cell?  
1.   Theodore Schwann
2.   Rudolf Virchow
3.   Matthias Schleiden
4.   Robert Hooke

50. Prokaryote or eukaryote?
Single-celled eukaryote. See the chloroplasts organelles?

51. Which of these biologists suggested that all animal tissues are composed of cells?  
1.   Theodore Schwann
2.  Rudolf Virchow
3.   Matthias Schleiden
4.   Robert Hooke

52. Prokaryotes or Eukaryotes?
Eukaryote- of course!

53. Which of the following is not a part of the cell theory?
1.   All cells come from preexisting cells
2. All cells are structurally and functionally similar
3.   All living things are composed of cells

54. Prokaryote or Eukaryote?

55. Prokaryote or Eukaryote?

56. Prokaryote or eukaryote?

57. Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote Venn Diagram
Partner up with the person at your table:
Without your notes, do your best to fill in the Venn diagram.
Characteristics
Specific organelles
Examples
-Use combination of
text and drawings