1. The Proposed TT2A Target Experiment
A.Fabich
CERN AB/ATB
25.Nov 2004
A.Fabich, CERN AB/ATB

2. Contents Physics goal Liquid target concept Experiment in TT2A
layout
subsystems
Safety
Time schedule
Budget
25.Nov 2004
A.Fabich, CERN AB/ATB

3. Target conversion tool withstand the power of multi-MW proton machines
Target melting
Target vaporization
Beam-induced pressure waves
Radiation damage
Today we use/study solid and liquid targets.
Solid targets not viable beyond 1MW proton power.
25.Nov 2004
A.Fabich, CERN AB/ATB

4. Primary Target Configuration
Contained SNS, ESS, MegaPie, … Hot issues: - cavitation - corrosion - beam window
Free Surface
Super-beam, -factory, … Hot issues: - violent explosion - mechanical challenge
- Less experience
R&D at Oakridge (US), Juelich (D), Villigen (CH), …
25.Nov 2004
A.Fabich, CERN AB/ATB

5. Liquid Targets with free surface
jet avoid beam window
Mercury increased meson yield for high-Z materials,
liquid at ambient temperature
v~20 m/s live with target rupture and
replace target at 50 Hz
D= 1-2 cm Optimized for re-absorption of mesons
B=20 Tesla collection of secondary mesons
??? What is the impact on the jet by
4 MW proton beam
20 T solenoidal field
25.Nov 2004
A.Fabich, CERN AB/ATB

6. Experimental results CERN/BNL/GHMFL Magneto-fluid-dynamics
Proton induced shocks
At B=0 T
At B=19.3 T
Jet smoothing
At B=19.3 T
Tip shaping
PSB/ISOLDE
GHMFL
BNL/AGS
PS/TT2A
NuFact
p+/pulse
3 1013
----
B [T]
--- 20 15
Hg target
Static
15 m/s jet
2 m/s jet
20 m/s jet
status
DONE
OPTIONAL
NOMINAL
So far no nominal test:
25.Nov 2004
A.Fabich, CERN AB/ATB

7. Experimental Site Nufact Study 2 Beam Parameters: Exp. area: E951
16 TP (1012 Protons) per bunch GeV, 1 MW Scenario
32 TP per bunch (x2 rep rate) GeV, 4 MW Scenario
BNL AGS capabilities
4 TP per bunch E951 experience
6 to 8 TP foreseen (with bunch merging)
No multi-bunch single turn extraction (g-2 rebuild)
CERN PS capabilities
5 TP per bunch normal operation
7 TP multi-bunches foreseen (for CNGS)
Multi-bunch single turn extraction available
4 bunch flexible fill of PS from booster available (Pump-Probe capability)
Exp. area: E951
Exp. area: TT2A
provides needed space for in beam and peripheral installation
smallest impact on other beam users
25.Nov 2004
A.Fabich, CERN AB/ATB

8. Installations Solenoid Mercury circuit Diagnostics LN2 supply PS beam
nToF target
Solenoid
Mercury circuit
Diagnostics
SAFETY
Control room
Power supply
25.Nov 2004
A.Fabich, CERN AB/ATB

9. TT2A tunnel
25.Nov 2004
A.Fabich, CERN AB/ATB

10. High Field Pulsed Solenoid
Peter Titus, MIT
collecting device for mesons
80 K Operation to optimize for costs
15 T with 4.5 MW Pulsed Power
15 cm warm bore (L=1m)
4.5 ton
25.Nov 2004
A.Fabich, CERN AB/ATB

11. Power Supply
Concentrates on evaluating a solution “available” at CERN (C.Martins):
power supply Alice/LHCb
950 V, 7200 A
size: ~10 m x 4 m x 3m, 40 tons
installed in six pieces
transformer (TRASFOR, IT),
converter (Schneider Elec., FR)
price/piece: 400 kChF
to be installed in ISR
Recently “old” WA power supply found, which needs refurbishment - evaluation ongoing
25.Nov 2004
A.Fabich, CERN AB/ATB

12. Cryogenics
Solution studied towards TT2A and “permanent” LN2 supply (fixed dewar) , F.Haug
Currently designing general layout and flow scheme
General safety memo on LN2 use already available
Upcoming: first iteration with SC on flow scheme and operation
25.Nov 2004
A.Fabich, CERN AB/ATB

13. Routing of transfer lines + vent lines
magnet
dewar
warm vent
cold vent
About 60 m from target place to surface
F.Haug, CERN AT/ECR
25.Nov 2004
A.Fabich, CERN AB/ATB

14. Mercury target System contains Mercury loop Motor optical diagnostics
Double containment
Pump
Reservoir
Motor
optical diagnostics
25.Nov 2004
A.Fabich, CERN AB/ATB

15. Diagnostics Optical System Particle detector
Direct observation of jet behavior
Particle detector
Interaction efficiency
Primary Proton
Beam intensity
Beam position
Magnetic field
25.Nov 2004
A.Fabich, CERN AB/ATB

16. Optical diagnostics Fiber panels provide illumination
Optical fiber bundles transport
the image to a high speed camera
25.Nov 2004
A.Fabich, CERN AB/ATB

17. Cavitation in Liquid targets
Cavitation was already “observed” at ISOLDE
Unfortunately only indirect observation by splash velocity
No observation of sec.particle yield
Does it reduce the secondary particle yield?
Most probable not an issue for American NuFact design, but for facilities using “longer” pulses
25.Nov 2004
A.Fabich, CERN AB/ATB

18. Pump-probe method momentum p = 26 GeV/c
4 bunches within 8 PS buckets at our discretion
tpulse= microseconds
tbunch=50ns full length, peak-to-peak 250 ns
spot size at target: ~1 mm r.m.s.
Pump-Probe method
for cavitation studies
measure interaction efficiency by
Disappearance of primaries
Appearance of secondaries
25.Nov 2004
A.Fabich, CERN AB/ATB

19. Varied parameters parameters to vary:
Magnetic field (0-15 T)
Pulse intensity ( p.o.t.)
Pulse length (0.5-2 s)
Spot size
Beam position (5 mm)
Total number of protons on target (no tuning): < (~100 pulses)
Needs ~2 weeks of beam time
Does not include time for beam tuning
25.Nov 2004
A.Fabich, CERN AB/ATB

20. Other installation items
Peripheral layout around TT2A
Transport
Connection to power network
Interlocks, control, timing
PS beam
control room …
25.Nov 2004
A.Fabich, CERN AB/ATB

21. Safety Radiation Mechanical safety Mercury LN2 cooling
SAFETY CONTACT PERSON FOR ALL MATTERS:
Herve Buret Tel.: (replacement since Oct.2004, former Bruno PICHLER tel: or 73362
Responsible
DSO of AB
Paolo CENNINI
General Safety
Bruno PICHLER
Radiation
Thomas OTTO
Gas and Chemicals
Jonathan GULLEY
Electricity
Fritz SZONCSO
Emergency stops
Magnetic Field
Laser
Fire
Fabio CORSANEGO (material also J.Gulley)
Material
Mechanical safety
Alberto DESIRELLI
also Maurizio BONA
Cryogenics
Gunnar LINDELL
Radiation
Mechanical safety
Mercury
LN2 cooling
High magnetic field
“Waste” management
Memos available
25.Nov 2004
A.Fabich, CERN AB/ATB

22. Safety Radiation (T.Otto) Mechanical safety (A.Desirelli)
Integrated number of protons < (minimized)
Mercury loop according to ISO2919
Mechanical safety (A.Desirelli)
Double containment
According to international standards of CODAP2000 or ASME
Beam dump (T.Otto)
protect nToF target
Activation of area and mercury
Access to TT2A during PS operation
LN2 cooling
High magnetic field
“Waste” management
Mercury returned to ORNL
Solenoid shipped to US or Japan
Power supply goes with solenoid
Contaminated jet loop
… and more
25.Nov 2004
A.Fabich, CERN AB/ATB

23. Issue “solved” yesterday?
Safe access to TT2A
Close this gap?
or install wall?
beam stopper to be
added to existing two?
Issue “solved” yesterday?
Interlock sufficient?
2 beam stopper only?
dipoles
Proposed shielding already installed:
Iron z=1.6 m, h=3 m
25.Nov 2004
A.Fabich, CERN AB/ATB

24. Approval LOI (Nov03) and proposal (May04) submitted to INTC
perform a proof-of-principle test
NOMINAL LIQUID TARGET
for a 4 MW proton beam
in solenoid for secondary particle capture
single pulse experiment
COMBINE PREVIOUS TEST SERIES
Participating Institutes
BNL
CERN
KEK
MIT
ORNL
Princeton Univ.
RAL
INTC (spring) and research board (July):
“… recommended for approval, but …
… further information on the support for the proposed test from the relevant scientific community, on the safety issues, and on the resources requested from CERN.”
Collaboration has answered and waits for RB 2nd December.
25.Nov 2004
A.Fabich, CERN AB/ATB

25. Budget kChF Solenoid 1183 Power Supply 611 Cryogenic System 390
Hg Jet System
Beam Diagnostics
Support Services
TOTAL kChF
Spent to date kChF
Including local manpower: 1 man*month=10kChF
25.Nov 2004
A.Fabich, CERN AB/ATB

26. Time schedule 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 April final run at PS start-up
Autumn LOI
2004
March detailed study at CERN (ongoing)
Spring solenoid constr. launched
Spring proposal to INTC
2005
January solenoid delivered to MIT
Spring purchase of power supply
Summer solenoid test finished
2006
January Construction of mercury loop
Winter installation at CERN during shut-down
2007  April final run at PS start-up
2 weeks of PS beam time
Does not include beam tuning
2 weeks of removal and reinstallation for nToF operation
25.Nov 2004
A.Fabich, CERN AB/ATB

27. Summary
Studies on solid targets are ongoing, but these are not suitable for a beam power >1.5 MW
Step-by-step R&D on liquid jet targets has been very successful.
needed proof-of-principle test
jet target in a magnetic field exposed to a proton beam
B = 0 Tesla corresponds to target option for e.g. super-beam, Eurisol, ….
TT2A is a highly suitable location
Major technical and safety issues have been discussed and positively concluded
Waiting approval of research board 2nd December
25.Nov 2004
A.Fabich, CERN AB/ATB

28. discussion Access during PS operation Beam parameters
NO access would be a show-stopper
Beam parameters
Spot size
Maximum beam momentum
Maximum beam intensity
Maximum pulse length
Temporary modification of beam line
Remove some beam elements
Installation/reconnection of a quadrupole outside FODO
Displace quadrupoles
Control room
space in ISR
25.Nov 2004
A.Fabich, CERN AB/ATB

29. 25.Nov 2004
A.Fabich, CERN AB/ATB