1. Blood Types A AB B O Antibody Phenotype Genotype Homozygous Recessive
Dominant
Heterozygous
Donor
Recipient
Antigen B O

2. “Types” of Blood The ABO Blood Group:
One factor in determining blood types is by the presence or absence of co-dominant, genetically determined (inheritable) protein molecules present in RBC membranes.
These proteins are called antigen A & antigen B.
It is the presence of one, both, or neither that determines a person’s blood type (both phenotype and genotype).

3. Thus, there are four major blood types based only on the ABO group:
Red Blood
Cells
Plasma
Type A
Type B
Type AB
Type O
Plasma carries antibodies to the antigen not carried on the cell membrane (when exposed).

4. Type A, B, AB, or O are the physical expression (phenotypes) of a person’s genes (genotype).
Remember that A & B are dominant traits. This means that it only takes one allele to inherit the trait.
This means that there are multiple genotypes for type A and type B blood.

6. Remember your Punnett square problems?
A man who is heterozygous Type A marries a woman who is heterozygous Type B. What are the possible phenotypes and genotypes of their children? AB Ao Bo oo
4 Genotypes AB Ao Bo oo
4 Phenotypes A B O

7. Let’s try another Punnett square!!!
A man who is blood type AB marries a woman who is heterozygous type B. If they had four children, what would their probable genotypes and phenotypes be? o B A B AB Ao BB Bo
4 Genotypes AB Ao BB Bo
3 Phenotypes
AB (1/4)
A (1/4)
B (2/4)
Homozygous
Type B
1 Child AB
or 1 Child A
2 Children B
Heterozygous
Type B

8. Percentages of each ABO type in the U.S.
45% Type O
40% Type A
11% Type B
4% Type AB

9. The Rh Factor
Red blood cells carry proteins on their surfaces in addition to the “A” and “B” antigens. The Rhesus factor, or Rh, is a protein carried by some individuals.
If a person's red blood cells carry the Rh factor, they are considered to be “Rh positive (Rh+).” If not, they are “Rh negative (Rh-).”
Rh is a dominant trait so only one allele is needed to be Rh+.

10. What this means is that there really are eight (8) major blood phenotypes:
Can you name them?
A+,
A-,
B+,
B-,
AB+,
AB-,
O+, O-
Let’s have some fun!!

11. If a heterozygous type B, heterozygous Rh+ woman married a heterozygous type A, heterozygous Rh+ man, what are the possible phenotypes of their children?
Mom’s Genotype?
Bo Rh+Rh-
Possible Combinations:
B Rh+,
B Rh-,
o Rh+,
o Rh-
Dad’s Genotype?
Ao Rh+Rh-
Mom’s Phenotype? B+
Possible Combinations:
Dad’s Phenotype?
A Rh+,
A Rh-, A+
o Rh+,
o Rh-

12. A Different Look: AB++ AB+- Ao++ Ao+- Ao-- AB-- oo+- oo++ Bo+- Bo++
Phenotypes
4 AB
4 A
4 B
4 O
Ratio
1:1:1:1 Rh
12 Rh+
4 Rh-
3:1
A Different Look:
Phenotypes
3 AB+
3 A+
3 B+
3 O+
1 AB-
1 A-
1 B-
1 O-
Dad
Mom
A Rh+
A Rh-
o Rh+
o Rh-
AB++
AB+-
Bo++
Bo+-
B Rh+
B Rh-
AB+-
AB--
Bo+-
Bo--
o Rh+
Ao++
Ao+-
oo++
oo+-
o Rh-
Ao+-
Ao--
oo+-
oo--

13. Which blood phenotype, in theory, could receive blood from any donor?
AB+
Why?
They have all factors present already so the body does not perceive anything foreign.
A person with AB+ is called a Universal Recipient.

14. Which blood phenotype, in theory, could donate blood to any recipient?
Why?
They have no factors present so the body cannot perceive anything foreign.
A person with O- is called a Universal Donor.

15. Punnett Square Practice!!

16. Do You Know Your
Blood Type?