1. Lewis and Clark Start Out (1803)
Lecture Homework:
None
Lab Homework – Experiment #1
Read intro and lab CAREFULLY

2. Sig. Figs. in Calculations
Two rules:
#1) Multiplication and Division:
The value in the calculation that has the FEWEST number of sig. figs. determines the number of sig. figs. in your answer.
#2) Addition and Subtraction:
The value in the calculation that has the FEWEST decimal spots determines the number of decimal spots in your answer.

3. Mixed Operations with sig. figs.
1) Do inside parenthesis first
2) Mark the last significant digit you are going to keep in that step
3) Finish calculations
4) Report answer to correct number of sig. figs.
4 sig. figs.  
5 sig. figs.

4. Mixed Operations with sig. figs.
1) Do inside parenthesis first
2) Mark the last significant digit you are going to keep in that step
3) Finish calculations
2 sig. figs.
6 sig. figs.
4) Report answer to correct number of sig. figs.  
x106 
-1.5x106

5. Mixed Operations with sig. figs.
1) Do inside parenthesis first
2) Mark the last significant digit you are going to keep in that step
2 sig. figs.
3) Finish calculations
4 sig. figs.
4) Report answer to correct number of sig. figs.  
3 sig. figs.
or 3.06x10-4 
7 sig. figs.

6. Scientific Notation – Numbers > 1
Place a decimal so that there is a single digit to the left
Start counting from the right until you get to the decimal 1. 8 9 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
This becomes the exponent for “times 10 to the”
x107
Remove digits from the right until proper # of sig. figs.
x107
x107
x107
1.8900x107
1.890x107
1.89x107

7. Scientific Notation – Numbers > 1
Place a decimal so that there is a single digit to the left
716110
Start counting from the right until you get to the decimal 7. 1 6 1 1 5 4 3 2 1
This becomes the exponent for “times 10 to the”
x105
Remove digits from the right until proper # of sig. figs.
x105
7.1611x105
7.1611x105

8. Scientific Notation – Numbers < 1
Start counting from the decimal point to the first non-zero digit. This will be the exponent in the “times ten to the negative” 0. 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Move the decimal point to the right of the first non-zero digit, drop all of the leading zeros, and add the “times ten to the negative” with the exponent.
x10-7

9. Scientific Notation – Numbers < 1
Start counting from the decimal point to the first non-zero digit. This will be the exponent in the “times ten to the negative” 0. 9
510 1 2 3 4 5
Move the decimal point to the right of the first non-zero digit, drop all of the leading zeros, and add the “times ten to the negative” with the exponent.
9.510x10-5

10. Did you get it?
s.f.
s.f.
s.f.
s.f.
5.124x108
6.0x10-4
2.5163x10-3
3.5400x109

11. Types of Units (Quality Measured)
Distance (length)
foot, inch, mile, yard, meter, centimeter, rod
Mass/Weight
gram, kilogram, ton, pound, ounce, stone

12. Types of Units (Quality Measured)
Volume
gallon, quart, pint, milliliter, liter, cubic centimeter (cm3, cc)
Time
second, minute, hour, year, microsecond, eon

13. What quality is measured by…?kg
mass oC
temperature cm
length/distance
cm3
volume mL
volume
ft2
area

14. Dimensional Analysis (unit conversion)
Unit equation
12 in =
12 in
1 ft _
1 ft
1 ft _ = 1 =
12 in
12 in
12 in
12 in
12 in =
1 ft
1 ft
12 in = = 1
1 ft
1 ft
1 ft
Conversion between feet and inches can be written either:
1 ft _
12 in OR
12 in
1 ft
These are called “Unit Factors”

15. Dimensional Analysis (unit conversion)
The Goal:
Convert one unit to another
How:
Use conversion factors
Use them so that
1 ft _
12 in OR
12 in
1 ft
Unit you want to keep
____________________
Unit you want to cancel

16. Dimensional Analysis (unit conversion)
How many feet are in 51.5 inches?
1 ft _
12 in OR
12 in
1 ft

18. D.A. Practice
I have a fluid ounce CamelBak. How many gallons is my CamelBak?

20. D.A. Practice
I have a fluid ounce CamelBak. How many gallons is my CamelBak?