1. Structures & Functions
The Cell
Structures & Functions

2. What is “Cell Theory”?
Schleiden, Schwann and Virchow developed the cell theory in the mid 1800s.
All living things are composed of cells.
Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things.
All cells come from other living cells.

3. What is so special about cells?
Cells are the smallest units capable of performing life functions.
What is so special about cells?

4. Where do cells come from?
All cells come from
pre-existing cells through cell division (mitosis and meiosis).

5. Basic Types of Cells
Eukaryotic
Prokaryotic

6. Cells Dividing: Bacteria from a Taxi Cab
Prokaryotic
Unicellular organisms
Bacteria
Few internal structures surrounded by membranes
Cells Dividing: Bacteria from a Taxi Cab

7. Eukaryotic Contain organelles surrounded by membranes
Most living organisms
Plants
Animals

8. “Typical” Animal Cell

9. Human nerve cells in the medulla oblongata

10. “Typical” Plant Cell

11. Cornstalk Cells

12. Cell Membrane
Outer boundary of the cell made of a double lipid layer containing proteins
Protects, supports and moves materials in and out of the cell
Selectively permeable membrane

13. Large, oval structure that contains chromosomes
“Control Center” of the cell that directs all of cell’s activities
Found in the center of the cell
“nuc” means center

14. Chromatin/Chromosomes
Contain DNA (genetic material) and proteins
“Blueprints” of life (instructions for all of an organism’s characteristics)
Found in nucleus

15. Nucleolus & Nuclear Membrane
Nucleolus (Nucleoli)
Makes ribosomes
Found inside the nucleus
Nuclear Membrane
Surrounds nucleus
Lets things in/out of nucleus (pores)
Selectively permeable
cell

16. Cytoplasm
Gel-like material that fills the cell
Holds the organelles

17. Endoplasmic Reticulum (E.R.)
Network of tubes and membranes that transports materials through the cytoplasm
“Transportation System” of the cell
Two types: smooth and
rough (has ribosomes)
Attaches from cell membrane to nuclear membrane

18. Rough E.R Smooth E.R.

19. Ribosomes
Small circular granules
Make proteins
Found in cytoplasm or attached to E.R.

20. Mitochondria Bean shaped structure that makes energy for cell
“Powerhouse” of the cell
Found in cytoplasm

21. Mitochondria
Mitochondrion

22. Vacuoles “Storage Tanks” of the cell
Found in cytoplasm
Bubble shaped structures that store food, water & waste
Vacuoles “Storage Tanks” of the cell

23. Vacuole

24. Golgi Bodies or Golgi Apparatus
Stacks of saclike structures that package and move proteins to other parts of the cell
“Post Office” of the cell
Found in cytoplasm

25. GOLGI APPARATUS

26. Lysosome Usually in Animal Cells Contains digestive enzymes that
destroy bacteria, old cell parts…
Found in cytoplasm

27. Chloroplast
Only in plant cells
Contains chlorophyll (green pigment)
Perform photosynthesis

28. Cell Cartoon Practice

29. Cell Wall
Only in plant cells
Rigid covering on the outside of the cell membrane that supports & protects the cell
Made of cellulose

30. Can you name these plant cell parts?B. C.

31. Can you name these animal cell parts?
Cell Membrane
Rough E.R.
Ribosomes
Cytoskeleton or Microfilaments
Mitochondria #1 #2 #4 #3