1. CELLULAR RESPIRATION

2. Mitochondria Organelle where cellular respiration takes place
Most of the cell’s ATP is made here

3. Cellular Respiration
Process by which glucose is broken down to produce energy (ATP)
The cellular respiration reaction is:
energy
C6H12O O2 6H2O CO2
There are two types of cellular respiration:
Aerobic
Anaerobic

4. Aerobic Respiration There are 3 steps in aerobic respiration:
Glycolysis
Krebs cycle
Electron transport

5. Glycolysis
Glucose is broken down to produce 2 molecules each of pyruvic acid (a.k.a. pyruvate) and the energy carriers ATP and NADH
These reactions occur in the cytoplasm

6. Krebs Cycle
The pyruvic acid made during glycolysis is converted into acetyl CoA before it can enter the Krebs Cycle
The acetyl CoA enters the Krebs cycle and is converted into CO2 (a waste product), ATP, NADH, and FADH2
The NADH and FADH2 can now enter the electron transport chain
These reactions take place in the mitochondria

7. Electron Transport Chain
NADH and FADH2 are put through the chain so that their energy can be used to convert ADP into ATP
These reactions require oxygen, which accepts the H+ ions to form water
Occurs in the mitochondria

8. ATP is made during all 3 parts of aerobic respiration
The entire process of aerobic respiration produces 36 ATP molecules

9. Anaerobic Respiration
The extraction of energy from food for ATP production in the absence of oxygen
This is also known as fermentation
The process begins with glycolysis to produce pyruvic acid
There are 2 types:
Alcoholic fermentation
Lactic acid fermentation

10. Alcoholic Fermentation
pyruvic acid + NADH CO2 + ethanol + NAD+
This reaction occurs mainly in yeast cells
Used to make bread as well as alcoholic beverages

11. Lactic Acid Fermentation
pyruvic acid + NADH lactic acid + NAD+
This reaction occurs in muscle cells and it is the build up of lactic acid that causes pain in the muscle during strenuous exercise

12. Excess Glucose
If the glucose that is taken in through food is not used, it will be stored
Animal cells store it as glycogen or fat

13. Comparing Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration are opposing processes; their chemical equations are said to be opposites
energy (from the sun)
6H2O CO C6H12O O2
energy (ATP)
C6H12O O H2O CO2
Cellular respiration occurs in all eukaryotic cells, but photosynthesis only takes place in plants, algae, and some bacteria