1. ADVANCING VOCABULARY SKILLS
Fourth Edition
Sherrie L. Nist
© Townsend Press

2. Unit Three: Chapter 13 • advocate • impede • antipathy • inclusive
• emancipate • jurisdiction
• idiosyncrasy • precarious
• imminent • preposterous
Page 76 in textbook.

3. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 1 advocate – verb
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
1 advocate
– verb
• One author was refused permission to give a speech on campus because he advocates violence as a means of social reform.
• Some gardeners consider chemicals and pesticides harmful; instead, they advocate using “organic” methods of growing fruits and vegetables.
Advocate means
A. to oppose.
B. to promote.
C. to understand.
Page 76 in textbook.
Answer: B
The next slide explains the answer.

4. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 1 advocate – verb
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
1 advocate
– verb
• One author was refused permission to give a speech on campus because he advocates violence as a means of social reform.
• Some gardeners consider chemicals and pesticides harmful; instead, they advocate using “organic” methods of growing fruits and vegetables.
Advocate means
A. to oppose.
B. to promote.
C. to understand.
Page 76 in textbook.
The school would refuse to let the author speak because he promotes violence. Gardeners who consider chemicals and pesticides harmful would promote “organic” methods.

5. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 2 antipathy – noun
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
2 antipathy
– noun
• Malil’s parents didn’t understand why he hated school until they found that the reason for his antipathy was poor eyesight: he couldn’t see the chalkboard.
• I can’t believe that my sister is going to marry Frank. Just a few months ago, she showed complete antipathy toward him.
Antipathy means
A. a strong dislike.
B. a lack of concern.
C. an preference.
Page 76 in textbook.
Answer: A
The next slide explains the answer.

6. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 2 antipathy – noun
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
2 antipathy
– noun
• Malil’s parents didn’t understand why he hated school until they found that the reason for his antipathy was poor eyesight: he couldn’t see the chalkboard.
• I can’t believe that my sister is going to marry Frank. Just a few months ago, she showed complete antipathy toward him.
Antipathy means
A. a strong dislike.
B. a lack of concern.
C. an preference.
Page 76 in textbook.
In the first item, the word hated tells you that antipathy means “a strong dislike.” In the second item, the sister’s planned marriage to Frank is contrasted with her recent strong dislike for him.

7. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 3 emancipate – verb
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
3 emancipate
– verb
• The salesman promised that his amazing machine—a vacuum cleaner, floor polisher, and carpet shampooer in one—would emancipate us from hours of backbreaking housework.
• When the Allies entered Germany at the end of World War II, they emancipated many foreigners and political prisoners who had been used as slave laborers in German industries.
Emancipate means
A. to encourage.
B. to administer justice.
C. to free.
Page 76 in textbook.
Answer: C
The next slide explains the answer.

8. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 3 emancipate – verb
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
3 emancipate
– verb
• The salesman promised that his amazing machine—a vacuum cleaner, floor polisher, and carpet shampooer in one—would emancipate us from hours of backbreaking housework.
• When the Allies entered Germany at the end of World War II, they emancipated many foreigners and political prisoners who had been used as slave laborers in German industries.
Emancipate means
A. to encourage.
B. to administer justice.
C. to free.
Page 76 in textbook.
Such an amazing machine would free people from hours of backbreaking work—or so the salesman says. In the second item, the slave laborers were freed by the Allies when they entered Germany.

9. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 4 idiosyncrasy – noun
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
4 idiosyncrasy
– noun
• My uncle asks very personal questions, but please don’t be offended—it’s just an idiosyncrasy of his. He doesn’t realize how odd it seems to others.
• For as long as I’ve known Cara, she’s had the unusual idiosyncrasy of dressing only in black.
Idiosyncrasy means
A. a personal habit.
B. a dangerous habit.
C. a selfish habit.
Page 76 in textbook.
Answer: A
The next slide explains the answer.

10. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 4 idiosyncrasy – noun
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
4 idiosyncrasy
– noun
• My uncle asks very personal questions, but please don’t be offended—it’s just an idiosyncrasy of his. He doesn’t realize how odd it seems to others.
• For as long as I’ve known Cara, she’s had the unusual idiosyncrasy of dressing only in black.
Idiosyncrasy means
A. a personal habit.
B. a dangerous habit.
C. a selfish habit.
Page 76 in textbook.
Asking very personal questions is merely an odd personal habit of the uncle. Cara has the unusual personal habit of dressing only in black.

11. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 5 imminent – adjective
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
5 imminent
– adjective
• We canceled the picnic because a thunderstorm seemed imminent.
• As word spread that the king’s death was imminent, the people began to gather at the palace gates. They wanted to be nearby when he died.
Imminent means
A. over.
B. delayed.
C. likely to occur soon.
Page 76 in textbook.
Answer: C
The next slide explains the answer.

12. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 5 imminent – adjective
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
5 imminent
– adjective
• We canceled the picnic because a thunderstorm seemed imminent.
• As word spread that the king’s death was imminent, the people began to gather at the palace gates. They wanted to be nearby when he died.
Imminent means
A. over.
B. delayed.
C. likely to occur soon.
Page 76 in textbook.
They would canceled the picnic if a thunderstorm was likely to occur soon. Since the people wanted to be nearby when the king died, they would gather when it seemed his death was likely to occur soon.

13. Traffic impeded by a herd of cows
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
6 impede
– verb
• Muddy roads impeded the progress of the trucks bringing food to the refugees.
• The construction work at the mall impeded shoppers, who had to step around piles of planks, cables, crates, tools, and sacks of cement.
Impede means
A. to oppress.
B. to slow down.
C. to include.
Page 76 in textbook.
Answer: B
The next slide explains the answer.
Traffic impeded by a herd of cows

14. Traffic impeded by a herd of cows
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
6 impede
– verb
• Muddy roads impeded the progress of the trucks bringing food to the refugees.
• The construction work at the mall impeded shoppers, who had to step around piles of planks, cables, crates, tools, and sacks of cement.
Impede means
A. to oppress.
B. to slow down.
C. to include.
Page 76 in textbook.
Muddy roads would slow down the progress of the trucks. Stepping around the building materials would slow the shoppers down.
Traffic impeded by a herd of cows

15. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 7 inclusive – adjective
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
7 inclusive
– adjective
• The cost of the vacation package was inclusive, covering our airfare and all hotels, meals, and tours.
• The newspaper’s coverage of the trial was inclusive; every day, it printed a word-for-word transcript of the courtroom proceedings.
Inclusive means
A. complete.
B. lacking something.
C. about to start.
Page 77 in textbook.
Answer: A
The next slide explains the answer.

16. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 7 inclusive – adjective
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
7 inclusive
– adjective
• The cost of the vacation package was inclusive, covering our airfare and all hotels, meals, and tours.
• The newspaper’s coverage of the trial was inclusive; every day, it printed a word-for-word transcript of the courtroom proceedings.
Inclusive means
A. complete.
B. lacking something.
C. about to start.
Page 77 in textbook.
Since the cost of the package included all the things listed, it was complete. Since the newspaper printed a word-for-word transcript of the proceedings, its coverage was complete.

17. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 8 jurisdiction – noun
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
8 jurisdiction
– noun
• Shakespeare’s theater, the Globe, was built across the river from London. Officials had forbidden theaters in London, but the other side of the river was beyond their jurisdiction.
• The United States has no jurisdiction over foreign embassies on American soil; those embassies are under the authority of their own governments.
Jurisdiction means
A. advice.
B. beliefs.
C. control.
Page 77 in textbook.
Answer: C
The next slide explains the answer.

18. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 8 jurisdiction – noun
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
8 jurisdiction
– noun
• Shakespeare’s theater, the Globe, was built across the river from London. Officials had forbidden theaters in London, but the other side of the river was beyond their jurisdiction.
• The United States has no jurisdiction over foreign embassies on American soil; those embassies are under the authority of their own governments.
Jurisdiction means
A. advice.
B. beliefs.
C. control.
Page 77 in textbook.
Since the Globe was successfully built across the river from London, that area must have been beyond the control of the officials. Since the embassies are under the authority of their own governments, the United States has no control over them.

19. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 9 precarious – adjective
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
9 precarious
– adjective
• The icy roads made travel precarious.
• The old, worn-out electrical wiring in the building puts all the residents in a precarious position. At any moment, it could fail, causing a fire.
Precarious means
A. unsafe.
B. illegal.
C. unusual.
Page 77 in textbook.
Answer: A
The next slide explains the answer.
A climber in a
precarious situation

20. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 9 precarious – adjective
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
9 precarious
– adjective
• The icy roads made travel precarious.
• The old, worn-out electrical wiring in the building puts all the residents in a precarious position. At any moment, it could fail, causing a fire.
Precarious means
A. unsafe.
B. illegal.
C. unusual.
Page 77 in textbook.
Icy roads would make travel unsafe. Since the wiring could cause a fire at any moment, it puts the residents in an unsafe position.
A climber in a
precarious situation

21. Preposterously dressed jugglers
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
10 preposterous
– adjective
• Louis always comes up with preposterous get-rich-quick schemes. Now he wants to open a doughnut shop in Antarctica.
• The discovery of x-rays in 1895 was followed by some preposterous ideas and fears. For example, merchants in England sold “x-ray-proof” underwear.
Preposterous means
A. risky.
B. exciting.
C. ridiculous.
Page 77 in textbook.
Answer: C
The next slide explains the answer.
Preposterously dressed jugglers
Photo: David Shankbone

22. Preposterously dressed jugglers
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
10 preposterous
– adjective
• Louis always comes up with preposterous get-rich-quick schemes. Now he wants to open a doughnut shop in Antarctica.
• The discovery of x-rays in 1895 was followed by some preposterous ideas and fears. For example, merchants in England sold “x-ray-proof” underwear.
Preposterous means
A. risky.
B. exciting.
C. ridiculous.
Page 77 in textbook.
Opening a doughnut shop in Antarctica sounds like a ridiculous get-rich-quick scheme. “X-ray-proof” underwear is a ridiculous idea.
Preposterously dressed jugglers
Photo: David Shankbone

23. SENTENCE CHECK 1
Complete each item with the correct word from the box.
A. advocate B. antipathy C. emancipate
D. idiosyncrasy
E. imminent
F. impede G. inclusive H. jurisdiction
I. precarious
J. preposterous
1. For someone allergic to insect bites, beekeeping would be a(n) _______ occupation.
2. Nutritionists today __________ a diet low in fats and high in fiber.
Page 78 in textbook.
Answers: 1. precarious; 2. advocate
The next slide explains the answers.

24. SENTENCE CHECK 1
Complete each item with the correct word from the box.
A. advocate B. antipathy C. emancipate
D. idiosyncrasy
E. imminent
F. impede G. inclusive H. jurisdiction
I. precarious
J. preposterous
1. For someone allergic to insect bites, beekeeping would be a __________ occupation.
precarious
Beekeeping would be dangerous for someone allergic to insect bites.
2. Nutritionists today __________ a diet low in fats and high in fiber.
advocate
Page 78 in textbook.
Nutritionists support such a diet.

25. SENTENCE CHECK 1
Complete each item with the correct word from the box.
A. advocate B. antipathy C. emancipate
D. idiosyncrasy
E. imminent
F. impede G. inclusive H. jurisdiction
I. precarious
J. preposterous
3. The caterer’s services were really __________: food, wine, flowers, decorations, coat check, music, and master of ceremonies.
4. When the jury’s verdict was _________, the lawyers, reporters, and spectators immediately returned to the courtroom.
Page 78 in textbook.
Answers: 3. inclusive; 4. imminent; 5. impede
The next slide explains the answers.
5. I swore that nothing would keep me from getting to Gloria’s wedding on time, but I was ________(e)d by a traffic jam.

26. SENTENCE CHECK 1
Complete each item with the correct word from the box.
A. advocate B. antipathy C. emancipate
D. idiosyncrasy
E. imminent
F. impede G. inclusive H. jurisdiction
I. precarious
J. preposterous
3. The caterer’s services were really __________: food, wine, flowers, decorations, coat check, music, and master of ceremonies.
inclusive
The list makes it clear that the caterer’s services included everything.
4. When the jury’s verdict was _________, the lawyers, reporters, and spectators immediately returned to the courtroom.
imminent
Page 78 in textbook.
Since everyone immediately returned to the courtroom, the verdict must have been about to be delivered (about to happen).
5. I swore that nothing would keep me from getting to Gloria’s wedding on time, but I was __________ by a traffic jam.
impeded
In spite of the vow to get to the wedding on time, a traffic jam delayed the person.

27. SENTENCE CHECK 1
Complete each item with the correct word from the box.
A. advocate B. antipathy C. emancipate
D. idiosyncrasy
E. imminent
F. impede G. inclusive H. jurisdiction
I. precarious
J. preposterous
6. One aim of today’s women’s groups is to __________ women from job and wage discrimination.
7. Since the bank robbery had involved crossing state lines, the federal government had __________ in the case.
Page 78 in textbook.
Answers: 6. emancipate; 7. jurisdiction
The next slide explains the answers.

28. SENTENCE CHECK 1
Complete each item with the correct word from the box.
A. advocate B. antipathy C. emancipate
D. idiosyncrasy
E. imminent
F. impede G. inclusive H. jurisdiction
I. precarious
J. preposterous
6. One aim of today’s women’s groups is to __________ women from job and wage discrimination.
emancipate
Women’s groups would want to free women from job and wage discrimination.
7. Since the bank robbery had involved crossing state lines, the federal government had __________ in the case.
jurisdiction
Page 78 in textbook.
Because more than one state was involved, the federal government had authority in the case.

29. SENTENCE CHECK 1
Complete each item with the correct word from the box.
A. advocate B. antipathy C. emancipate
D. idiosyncrasy
E. imminent
F. impede G. inclusive H. jurisdiction
I. precarious
J. preposterous
8. Burt has a(n) _______ for everything that isn’t “100 percent American.” He thinks it makes him a patriot, but I think a dislike of foreigners or foreign ways shows ignorance.
9. When the little boy said there was a frog in his glass of milk, everyone laughed at his __________ idea—until he showed us the frog.
Page 78 in textbook.
Answers: 8. antipathy; 9. preposterous; 10. idiosyncrasy
The next slide explains the answers.
10. Tamiko always takes off her shoes before entering the house. Ralph thought this was just a(n) ________ of hers, but he later learned that it’s a Japanese custom.

30. SENTENCE CHECK 1
Complete each item with the correct word from the box.
A. advocate B. antipathy C. emancipate
D. idiosyncrasy
E. imminent
F. impede G. inclusive H. jurisdiction
I. precarious
J. preposterous
8. Burt has an __________ for everything that isn’t “100 percent American.” He thinks it makes him a patriot, but I think a dislike of foreigners or foreign ways shows ignorance.
antipathy
The word dislike tells you that antipathy is the missing word.
9. When the little boy said there was a frog in his glass of milk, everyone laughed at his ___________ idea—until he showed us the frog.
preposterous
Page 78 in textbook.
The idea of a frog in the little boy’s glass of milk sounds absurd.
10. Tamiko always takes off her shoes before entering the house. Ralph thought this was just an ___________ of hers, but he later learned that it’s a Japanese custom.
idiosyncrasy
Since Ralph didn’t know it was a custom, he would think it was a quirk.