1. Opening Activity: March 29, 2016 Review data from Lab #15 Activity 2.
Under which conditions did you have a functional enzyme yesterday?
Under which conditions did you have a non-functional enzyme?
What was the active site of your enzyme?
I can… How are genes related to functional and non-functional enzymes.
Homework:
Science Expo RD Due 4/1
Enzyme Quiz 4/4

2. DNA structure- Chromosomes
Chromosomes = long pieces of DNA

3. Chromosomes have genetic information and are passed on every time a cell divides
Dividing onion cells
chromosomes
chromosomes
cell wall
Chromosomes can be stained with dyes and observed in the light microscope. These cells are located in the tip of an onion root, where cell division is particularly rapid. Many of the cells shown here are in various stages of mitosis.
Figure: 8.2 (from Freeman text)
nucelus

4. Information flow in cells
DNA
protein
traits

5. Chromosome structure- genes
Regions of chromosomes called genes determine which proteins can be made in the cell
Traits result from which proteins are made
Human chromosome # 7
Contains about 1,800 genes
Contains over 150 million nucleotides
Link to view genes and DNA sequence

6. Genes ATAACAGGCGACTTACGGC GCCGTAAGTCGCCTGTTAT
The order, or sequence, of nucleotides in a gene is a code that cells use to make specific proteins
ATAACAGGCGACTTACGGC
GCCGTAAGTCGCCTGTTAT

7. DNA
(gene)
protein
traits

8. How does this fit with how we have been explaining the relationship between proteins and traits?

9. “Roundbuds”

10. Roundbuds
In a type of wildflower, the round bud, red pigment is synthesized from a colorless molecule by enzyme Q.
1. Draw the enzyme pathway for the round bud.
2. Some round buds are white. Explain why these flowers are white.

11. colorless (white) molecule
Red Pigment molecule
Enzyme Q
Nodes = Metabolites
Edges = Enzyme
Colorless molecule
Red pigment molecule
Enzyme Q

12. Cell with gene for non-functional enzyme Q
Cell of RED flower
Cell of WHITE flower
gene
gene
Cell with gene for non-functional enzyme Q
Cell with gene for functional enzyme Q

13. Pigment Metabolic Network for the Imaginary Bioflower
Blue Flower
Red Flower
Where is the variation in these flowers?
Blue and Red Flowers (Color)

14. Bioflowers
A colorless starting molecule is converted by enzyme A to blue pigment. Next, enzyme B converts the blue pigment to red pigment.
Diagram of the pathway. (include a key)
Give an explanation for a blue flower.

15. pathway Molecule cartoons Colorless (white) molecule
Blue pigment molecule
Red pigment molecule
Enzyme A
Enzyme B
Molecule cartoons

16. Draw the enzymes and molecules present in the cells of each type of bioflower below.
nucleus

17. Draw the enzymes and molecules present in the cells of each type of bioflower below.
nucleus

18. Draw the enzymes and molecules present in the cells of each type of bioflower below.
nucleus

19. “Coat Color in Labrador Retrievers”
Cocoa
Midnight

20. Yellow and/or Red pigments tyrosinase Tyrosine Dopaquinone TRP-2
Enzyme X
TRP-2
Brown pigment
TRP-1
Black pigment

22. Exit Ticket
A population of bears in British Columbia is famous for their white fur. Genetically they are identical to black bears, but the gene that normally turns a colorless precursor into black fur is non-functional. Draw a biomolecular model that shows a skin cell of these white bears.