1. 12 Causes of the Revolutionary War

2. The Beginning
People from Europe began settling in America in the 17th Century. Spain, France, Sweden, Holland, and England claimed land. (remember the 13 colonies from last year)

3. Green stripes- Spanish
Take out your colored pencils:
Red dots - British
Blue circles- French
Green stripes- Spanish
Yellow cross hatching– disputed or unclaimed by Europeans

4. The First Cause

5. Events that led to the F&IW
In the 1750s, France and Britain were fighting in Europe. The war was now spreading to North America. British Colonists wanted to take over French land in North America. The British wanted to take over the fur trade in the French held territory.

6. At first glance, it looked like a mismatch
At first glance, it looked like a mismatch. English troops outnumbered French troops almost 2-to-1!!! (two English soldiers to every one French solider).
English colonies had their own militias and produced their own food.
French settlements had to rely on soldiers hired by fur-trading companies and food from the homeland.
British British French

7. British soldiers and American Colonists fought against French soldiers and Native Americans. Native Americans joined in the battle against the British because they were afraid the British would take over their land.

8. Why did the F&IW happen?
The British and colonists were fighting the French and Native’s for control of North America.
Page 8 of your book

9. Where did the war take place?
The war took place in North America. Page 9 of your book

10. How did the map of North America change after the war?
Britain gained control of all the land east of the Mississippi River as well as all of New France. (basically, before the war, France controlled most of the land and after the war, Britain controlled the majority of North America, which includes parts of Canada) Refer to pages 2 and 4 of your book.

12. Results of the F&IW The British won the war.
In the peace treaty or Proclamation of 1763 the British got most of the French land in North America (mostly Quebec, Canada and the area around the Great Lakes).
King George III banned the colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains in order to avoid further fighting the the Native’s.
The British began taxing the colonists to pay off their debits from the war.

13. The Second Cause

14. The Proclamation of 1763
After the French and Indian War, the King George III wanted to prevent colonists from fighting with the Indians. He prohibited the colonists from moving west of the Appalachian Mountains. The proclamation angered the colonists because they had fought in the French and Indian war and hoped to settle and expand the land Britain had gained in the war.

15. Unfair Taxes on the colonists by the British
The Third Cause
Unfair Taxes on the colonists by the British

16. The overview
While England found governing its colonies in America difficult, they also found it expensive.
Britain had recently fought the French and Indian War, which gave it control of Canada and much of the land east of the Mississippi River. The war was very expensive for England and it now needed more money to maintain soldiers in all these areas.
In 1764, the British government decided to tax the colonists to pay a share of the costs.

17. Taxes in the Colonies Flip Book!
1. Why did Great Britain need to raise money?
Britain taxed the colonists because they had to pay back all the money they borrowed for the French and Indian War.
2. What was the Sugar Act?
The Sugar Act placed a tax on sugar and molasses.
3. How did Great Britain enforce the payment of taxes?
King George III sent British soldiers to the colonies to enforce the payment of taxes, because colonists sometimes smuggled goods into the colonies to avoid paying taxes.
4. What was the Stamp Act? What things were taxed under this act?
The stamp act required that colonists pay a tax when they bought certain items, such as newspapers, calendars, and playing cards. The items were marked with a stamp to show that the tax had been paid.
5. Who were the Sons of Liberty? What did they do?
The Sons of Liberty were groups of colonists that protested against the British and even attacked British tax agents.

21. The Fourth Cause

22. On the night of March 5, 1770, the tension burst.
Taxation and other issues continued to build tension between Britain and the colonies.
This tension showed between the colonists and the British soldiers posted in Boston.
The townspeople resented the soldiers and treated them poorly, often harassing them verbally and physically.
On the night of March 5, 1770, the tension burst.

23. Where did the Massacre take place?
In front of the Customs House on King Street in Boston, Massachusetts

24. How the Massacre Began
On the evening of March 5, 1770, Private Hugh White was on guard in front of the Customs House on King Street in Boston. A crowd of people had gathered and began harassing the soldier. His calls for help brought nine soldiers led by Captain Thomas Preston. The crowd continued to harass the soldiers with insults, and were throwing snowballs at them.

25. In the commotion, someone yelled, "Fire. " and soldiers began shooting
In the commotion, someone yelled, "Fire!" and soldiers began shooting. Three townspeople were killed and eight more were wounded, two of which died later.
No one knew who gave the order to fire.

26. After the Massacre
After the shooting, the people of Boston were demanding the soldiers be tried and executed for the shootings.
The governor ordered Captain Preston and eight soldiers be put in prison pending a trial. In order to ensure a fair trial the lawyer John Adams defended the soldiers.
John Adams convinced the jury that the soldiers fired in self defense. As a result of the trial, Captain Preston and six soldiers were set free. Two of the soldiers were found guilty of manslaughter. They were branded as convicts and then released.
Interestingly, John Adams would later become Vice President of the United States under President George Washington, and then the second President of the United States of America.

27. The Fifth Cause
Boston Tea Party of 1773

28. When the British repealed the Townsend Act they removed all taxes and duties on goods, except for tea. This became the focal point of the colonists anger.