1. Ethernet First network to provide CSMA/CD
Is a fast and reliable network solution
One of the most widely implemented LAN standards
Can provide speeds in the range of 10Mbps- 10 Gbps
Used with a bus or star topology

2. Types of Ethernet LANs 10Base-T Operates at 10 Mbps
Fast Ethernet (100Base-T)
Operates at 100 Mbps
Gigabit Ethernet
Operates at 1 Gbps
Uses fiber optic cable
10 Gbps Ethernet
Latest development of ethernet
Wireless Ethernet
Operates at around 2.4 Gbps

3. Fiber-Distributed Data Interface (FDDI)
Fiber-Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) offers a standard for data transmission in a local area network that can cover in range up to 200 kilometers (124 miles).
The FDDI protocol uses as its basis the token ring protocol.
In addition to covering large geographical areas, FDDI local area networks can support thousands of users.
it uses optical fiber

4. Fiber-Distributed Data Interface (FDDI)
An FDDI network contains two token rings, one for possible backup in case the primary ring fails.
FDDI has a larger maximum-frame size than standard 100 Mbit/s Ethernet, allowing better data.
A small number of devices such as (routers….)

5. Wide Area Network (WAN)
A network that uses long-range telecommunication links to connect 2 or more LANs/computers housed in different places far apart.
Towns, states, countries
Your home
USA
WAN
Student Computer Centre

6. Example WAN technologies: Phone lines Satellite Internet
ISDN – Integrated Service Digital Network
T-Carriers ― basically digital phone lines
ATM – Asynchronous Transfer Mode
Broadband Cable Network
Cable TV services have been widely developed in all modern cities.
use coaxial cable installed (that are supposed to carry TV signals) to deliver broadband data services
Many cable network wiring has been replaced with hybrid fiber-coax (HFC) use to connect to the subscribers’ buildings, and then the original coaxial cable to connect to each household

7. The connection is shared by a number of subscribers, hence may raise performance and security problems PC TV
Fiber-optic cable
Cable Drop
Coaxial
Cable
Cable company

8. Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
Large network that connects different governments
Shares local resources

9. Network Components Physical Media Interconnecting Devices Computers
Introduction to Computer Networks
Network Components
Physical Media
Interconnecting Devices
Computers
Networking Software
Applications

10. Networking Media/ transmission Media
Introduction to Computer Networks
Networking Media/ transmission Media
It which signals (data) are sent from one computer to another:
Wire
wireless

11. Wire twisted pair (TP) Coax-Cable:
two insulated copper wires
Category 5: 100 Mbps, 1 Gpbs Ethernet
Category 6: 10Gbps
Coax-Cable:
Consists of single copper wire surrounded by three layers of protecting and metal materials
Typically used for cable TV

13. low error rate Fiber-optics:
Strands of glass or plastic used to transmit light
Very high capacity, low noise, small size
low error rate

14. twisted-pair cable twisted-pair wire protective coating glass cladding
plastic outer coating
woven or braided metal
insulating material
copper wire
twisted-pair cable
twisted-pair wire
protective coating
glass cladding
optical fiber core

15. Coaxial cable
BNC T-Connector
Network Card

16. Wireless Broadcast Radio
Distribute signals through the air over long distance
Uses an antenna
Typically for fixed locations
Cellular Radio
A form of broadcast radio used for mobile communication
High frequency radio waves to transmit voice or data

17. Microwaves Infrared (IR) Radio waves for high speed transmission
Used for satellite communication
Infrared (IR)
Wireless transmission media that sends signals using infrared light- waves

18. Networking Devices HUB Switches Routers Wireless Access Points
Modems etc.

19. Coaxial link from cable TV socket
Ethernet
link to PC
Modem
Coaxial link
from cable TV
socket

20. Hub Nodes are connected to a hub via channels.
When data is received from a node it is broadcast to all the other ports.
This is ineffective as the data is intended for only one of the other nodes.
Stackable hubs with 8, 16 or 24 ports can be linked to form large LANS.
It may also amplify the signal for long distances.

21. Switch A switch is sometimes known as an intelligent hub.
When data is received from a node it is examined and then sent directly to the destination known.
This is more effective than a hub as the data goes directly to the destination node.
Switches are more complex than hubs and are therefore more expensive.

22. Router Routers connect different networks together.
They control and manage the flow of data over the different networks.
They connect smaller networks into larger internetworks.
They connect LANS to telecommunications lines and the Internet.
They manage with the differences in topologies and transmission media.
CS Topic 4 - Networks v2

23. A wireless access point (WAP)
is a hardware device on a local area network (LAN) that allows wireless capable devices and wired networks to connect through a wireless standard, including Wi-Fi or Bluetooth. WAPs feature radio transmitters and antennae, which facilitate connectivity between devices and the Internet or a network.
A WAP is also known as a hotspot.

24. Network Structure
Client / Server
Peer to Peer (P2PN)

25. Peer-to-Peer Networks
Peer-to-peer network is also called workgroup
No hierarchy among computers  all are equal
No administrator responsible for the network

26. Advantages of peer-to-peer networks:
Low cost
Simple to configure
User has full accessibility of the computer
No specialized services required
Disadvantages of peer-to-peer networks:
No more security
Difficult to loading
10 or less users
Security is not an issue
Only limited growth in the likely future

27. Clients and Servers Clients (Workstation) Servers
Computers that request network resources or services
Servers
Computers that manage and offer network resources and services to clients
Usually have more processing power, memory and hard disk space than clients
It can manage data, users, groups, security, and applications on the network
Servers often have a more stringent performance and trust

28. 1

30. Advantages of client/server networks
Facilitate resource sharing – centrally administrate and control
Facilitate system backup and improve error
Improve security – only administrator can have access to Server
Maintenance more users – difficult to achieve with peer-to-peer networks
Disadvantages of client/server networks
High cost for Servers
Need skilled to configure the network