1. Post WWI and 20s Politics

2. Demobilization What is demobilization? Spanish Flu
Depression of
Demobilization- changing production from war time back to peace time, no longer producing mass amounts of bullets and weapons, and extra food as well as stopping government control of rrs and other businesses.
Spanish flu- soldiers who had been traveling brought there germs back with them, killed more Americans than the war itself
Men were coming back, but factories were closing, women and African Americans were being pushed out of jobs for the returning, since there were a large amount of unemployment then there was a small depression before the boom of the 20s

3. The “Red” Scare What is it? The Palmer Raids Sacco and Vanzetti
anarchists
Because of this small depression a lot of workers were worried about their jobs, and unions started to amp up again, and they were drawn to similar communist ideas of the Bolsheviks in Russia (opposed private property, religious beliefs, and free enterprise). A lot of these men decided to strike for their rights- the coal industry, police officers in boston, in seattle almost all of the laborers went on strike, as well as some coal workers.
these combined events made many americasn worried that communism would spread to the US- also known as the Red Scare.
Palmer raids- A. Mitchell Palmer appointed attorney general, after his appointment several letter bombs were found in the mail sent by Italian anarchists, one exploded on palmers porch. So he created a new group inside the DoJ, led by J. edgar Hoover. Was quick and extreme in his reaction- created the Palmer raids which were simultaneous radis which took place in 30 different citeis arresting 6,000 suspects- a lot of them foreign born so they would be deported, and a lot of them union leaders. Weakened the labor unions and other worker organizations.
Sacco and Vanzetti- arrested in 1920 for murder, they were anarchists which was a big taboo word especially after the mail bombs, judge ruled their background as anarchists was admissible in court and in fact stressed the fact to the jurors showing his bias and they were found guilty and sentenced to death. Multiple appeals but because of the red scare and the culture of the time none were successful and they were executed in 1927

4. 20s Presidents: Warren Harding
Republican ( )
Favored American Business
Higher Tariff (Fordney-McCumber Act), Lower taxes for wealthy, Lax enforcement of business regulations
Immigration
Emergency Quota Act of 1921
Foreign Policy
Washington Naval Conference
Four Power Treaty/Nine Powers Treaty
Dawes Plan
Investment in Latin America
Teapot Dome Scandal
Higher tariff to protect American production- encourage to buy American made, fordney-mccumber tariff- average 38.2% tax of the goods worth, caused retaliation tariffs- which will come into play later on
Lower taxes for wealthy- will later become known as trickle down economy
Business regulation- back off from major involvement during WWI under democrat Wilson, does not repeal just does not enforce- leaving the opportunity for democrats like FDR to come in later and enforce it
Immigration- since WWI started began talk of immigration restriction- did not want what was running away from Europe- felt like we were running out of space, in 1917 passed first overall immigration restriction which was a literacy test, nativists felt this was not enough- emergency quoata act- 3% of the number of immigratns from that country living in the US in the 1910 census, but no more than 350,000 immigrants in a year
Washington naval conference- US still wanted wilsons idea of peace and felt the armament of developed countries threatened that peace, so a group of countries (US, GB, and Japan) came to Washington and decided to stop building new battleships, and destry some they had and 5:5:3 ration was settled on Japan getting less bc the US promised not to fortify Guam or the Philippines.
Four-power treaty- US, Britain, Japan and France agreed to respect eachothers territories and rights in the pacific region and to submit any disputes to a joint conference of all four powers expanded to the nine powers treaty which required all who signed it to respect the independence of china- impossible to enforce.
Dawes Plan- Germany’s economy was in the trash, and could not pay reparations which meant the rest of Europe was suffering as well, so they could not pay their loan payments to the US. So the US comes up with the Dawes plan which states private American investors would invest in Germany (200 million dollars) while their payments were temporarily reduced to 250 million dollars which allowed Germany to pay reparations and the allies to make loan payments- jumpstarting the economy.
Still continued our economic control of latin America, and began to take economic interest in the middle east as well.
Teapot-dome scandal- hardings secretary of the interior used land he was in charge of and “rented” it out to the highes bidder- giving himself millions of dollars- harding died of a heart attack just before this story broke

5. 20s Presidents: Calvin Coolidge
Republican ( )
“The business of America is Business”
Immigration Act of 1924
National Origins Act
Kellogg-Briand Pact
Continued the ideas of his predecessor- little government regulation and high tariffs
Immigration act of 1924 changed the year of the census from 1910 to 1890, reduced from 350,000 a year to 150,000 a year and from 3% to 2%
Kellogg brined pact- French minister got the idea from an American professor to “outlaw” war, wrote to the American sec of statefrank Kellogg, and the created a treaty which outlawed war…but who could enforce it? 15 nations signed it in 1927 promising not to use war as a foreign policy option, however permitted nations to engage in defensive war- 12 years later Boom!

6. 20s Presidents: Herbert Hoover
Republican ( )
“rugged individualism”
Pull yourself up from your bootstraps kind of person
Was willing to use some voluntary government regulation and services so more progressive than his predecessors, but will be in office when the great depression hits- will be seen as not doing enough bc he felt it was not the governments place to mess with the economy.