1. The Evidence for Evolution
The stuff that supports the theory

2. Cuvier tried to explain the fossil record by using the idea of Catastrophism.

3. Hutton- Gradualism
Geological processes take thousands to millions of years
Lyell-
Uniformitarianism- geologic processes work the same now as in the past
1. Earth is very old
2. Slow change can result in substantial change over time
Cuvier – Catastrophism
Catastrophies explain the different layers of fossils
Darwin speculated that if Earth could change slowly and substantially over time could life do the same?

4. Lines of Evidence for Evolution (No particular order)
Domesticated Species/ Artificial Selection
Transitional Species/ Fossil record
Homologous structures
Vestigial structures
Embryological Structures
Biogeographical evidence
Biochemical evidence
- DNA, Protein, Amino Acid Sequencing
Adaptive radiation

5. 1. Fossil Record Appear Chronologically Include Transitional Forms
Q: Some people point to the incomplete nature of the fossil record as a way of weakening its relevance to evolution. What are reasons that the fossil record might be incomplete?

9. 2. Comparative Anatomy 1 Organisms display HOMOLOGOUS structures
Q: What is the difference between homology and analogy?

10. Homologous Body Structures
Section 15-3
Turtle
Alligator
Bird
Mammal
Homologous structures have different functions but show common ancestry
Ancient lobe-finned fish

11. Comparative Anatomy: Analogous Structures

12. Comparative Anatomy: Vestigial
There are many examples of VESTIGIAL organs/structures
Q: Why are there vestigial structures? Why hasn’t evolution ‘removed’ them?

13. Vestigial Structure

16. Comparative Embryology
Ontogeny is linked to Phylogeny

17. 385

20. Fossils in different areas
Continental Drift
Landmasses change position over millions of years due to tectonic plate movement
Shifts cause environmental change, and also separate similar species

21. Present

23. Biogeography
Species generally follow geographical similarities and not environmental similarities

26. DNA “Molecular Biology”
A common genetic code ]

28. If organisms have similar genes and proteins with sequences that match closely, these sequences must have been inherited from a relatively recent common ancestor 28

29. Natural Selection in Action
Peppered Moths
Q: Is the case of the peppered moths an example of evolution? Why or why not?

31. Moth simulation

33. Writing exercise
When people are prescribed antibiotics (bacteria-killing drugs) to cure a bacterial infection, the prescription always says to take the antibiotics for about 10 days, even if the symptoms disappear right away.
Explain why, in terms of natural selection, it’s important to take the antibiotics for the entire 10 days.
Explain what would happen if someone repeatedly used antibiotics incorrectly. (only for two or three days each time) – Discuss the implications for both the individual and all other species involved.

35. Something to think about
What is bacterial antibiotic resistance?
How does it relate to natural selection and evolution?
Be able to use this stuff! Really!