1. Practical Approach to Detection and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease for the Primary Care Clinician 
Joseph A. Vassalotti, MD, Robert Centor, MD, Barbara J. Turner, MD, MSED, Raquel C. Greer, MD, MHS, Michael Choi, MD, Thomas D. Sequist, MD, MPH 
The American Journal of Medicine 
Volume 129, Issue 2, Pages e7 (February 2016)
DOI: /j.amjmed
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2. Figure 1
Risk of chronic kidney disease progression, frequency of visits, and referral to nephrology according to estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and albuminuria. The GFR and albuminuria grid depict the risk of progression, morbidity, and mortality by color, from best to worst (green, yellow, orange, red, deep red). The numbers in the boxes are a guide to the frequency of visits (number of times per year). Green can reflect CKD with normal eGFR and albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) only in the presence of other markers of kidney damage, such as imaging showing polycystic kidney disease or kidney biopsy abnormalities, with follow-up measurements annually; yellow requires caution and measurements at least once per year; orange requires measurements twice per year; red requires measurements at 3 and deep red 4 times per year. These are general parameters only, based on expert opinion and must take into account underlying comorbid conditions and disease state, as well as the likelihood of impacting a change in management for any individual patient. “Refer” indicates nephrology services are recommended. *Referring clinicians may wish to discuss with their nephrology service, depending on local arrangements regarding treating or referring.
This figure is adapted with permission from reference 4.
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3. Figure 2
Summary of a practical approach to the detection and management of chronic kidney disease (CKD). ACE-I = angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ACR = albumin-to-creatinine ratio; AKI = acute kidney injury; ARB = angiotensin receptor blocker; ASA = acetylsalicylic acid/aspirin; A stage = albuminuria category; CAD = coronary artery disease; CKD = chronic kidney disease; CKD-MBD = chronic kidney disease mineral and bone disorder; CVA = cerebrovascular accident; CVD = cardiovascular disease; DM = diabetes mellitus; eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate; ESA = erythropoietin-stimulating agent; G stage = GFR category; Hb = hemoglobin; HTN = hypertension; iPTH = intact parathyroid hormone; NSAIDs = nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; 25-OH vit = 25-hydroxy vitamin D; PICC = peripherally inserted central catheter line; PT INR = prothrombin time–international normalized ratio; RAAS = renin angiotensin aldosterone system.
The American Journal of Medicine  , e7DOI: ( /j.amjmed )
Copyright © 2016 The Authors Terms and Conditions