1. Human reproduction
Conception to Birth

2. How does a female get Pregnant?
Can be planned or unplanned – possibility happens ANY time an ovum and a sperm come in contact with each other
Implanted – fertility doctor
Sexual Intercourse
Can happen even if a couple uses the “withdrawal” method
Can happen even if a couple uses birth control

3. Why so many Sperm? Long way to travel (15-18 cm or 6-7 inches)
Not every sperm makes it all the way through
Many defected sperm
50-50 chance of making it into the correct fallopian tube
Could take 30 minutes or up to 2 days for sperm to make it to the egg
Sperm that find the egg, release an enzyme from their acrosome (tip of the sperm) that breaks down the sheath around the egg
Only one sperm is allowed into the egg cell
The fertilized egg changes its chemical composition that blocks other sperm from entering

4. Period of the Zygote
Begins when egg is fertilized in the fallopian tube.
Period of rapid cell division
Forms a blastocyst
Ends 2 weeks later when the zygote is implanted in the wall of the uterus

5. Period of the Zygote continued

6. Period of the Embryo From 3 to 8 weeks after conception
Body parts are formed during this period
Embryo rests in the amnion filled with amniotic fluid
Umbilical cord joins embryo to placenta

7. Period of the Fetus From 9 weeks after conception to birth
Increase in size and systems begin to function
Age of viability: 22 to 28 weeks

8. First Month
By the end of the first month, the embryo is about 1/10 of an inch long.
The heart, which is no larger than a poppy seed, has begun beating.

9. First Month

10. Two Months
The embryo is about 1 inch long and has distinct, slightly webbed fingers. Veins are clearly visible. The heart has divided into right and left chambers.

11. Around two months

12. Three Months
By now the fetus is 2 1/2 to 3 inches long and is fully formed.
He has begun swallowing and kicking.
All organs and muscles have formed and are beginning to function.

13. Four months
Your baby is covered with a layer of thick, downy hair called lanugo.
His heartbeat can be heard clearly.
This is when you may feel your baby's first kick.

14. Lanugo

15. About four months

16. Five Months
A protective coating called vernix caseosa (white/gray covering visible on new borns) begins to form on baby's skin.
Your baby will be nearly 8 inches long and weigh almost a pound.

17. Six months Eyebrows and eyelids are visible.
Your baby's lungs are filled with amniotic fluid, and he has started breathing motions.
He can hear what is going on around him.

18. Getting closer to full term

19. Seven Months
Your baby weighs about 3 1/2 pounds and is about 12 inches long.
His body is well-formed.
Fingernails cover his fingertips

20. Seven Months

21. Eight Months
Your baby is gaining about half a pound per week, and layers of fat are piling on.
He has probably turned head-down in preparation for birth.
He weighs between 4 and 6 pounds.

22. Eight Months

23. Nine Months
Your baby is a hefty 6 to 9 pounds and measures between 19 and 22 inches.
As he becomes more crowded, you may feel him move less.

24. Nine Months and recap

25. Placenta

26. Birth
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