1. WORLDVIEWS IN CONFLICT
Worldviews in Contact
New religion
New economy
Creating the colony
The Independence Movement
Mexico today
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2. CHANGES/CHALLENGES TO AZTEC WORLDVIEW
WORLDVIEWS IN CONFLICT
CHANGES/CHALLENGES TO AZTEC WORLDVIEW
Loss of the war
Spanish conquest forced Aztecs to change their society
Disease
Smallpox epidemic forces society to change because of loss of workers
Loss of religion
The loss of the war and onset of smallpox made the Aztecs question their religion
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3. WORLDVIEWS IN CONFLICT
A NEW RELIGION
Aztecs felt their gods had abandoned them during the siege of Tenochtitlan
Cortex requested “religious persons of goodly life and character.”
After three years , priests of the Franciscan order came off a Spanish ship at Veracruz
Franciscan priests vowed to live in the poorest conditions, never to get married, and always to obey their superiors without question
Cortes kissed their robes which amazed the Aztecs as they had never seen Cortes treat anyone with such respect
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4. WORLDVIEWS IN CONFLICT
A NEW RELIGION
Franciscans converted many surviving Aztecs to Catholicism
The Franciscans destroyed the Aztec temples and codices
Just as some Muslims and Jews had practiced their faith in secret in Christian Spain, some Aztecs continued some of their religious practices after conversion
Catholic priests and missionaries take over the education of the children
Instruction is based on Catholicism
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5. WORLDVIEWS IN CONFLICT
NEW ECONOMY
Aztec society had been based on war, farming, trading and tribute to the gods
Spanish introduced the encomienda system
Similar to the systems used in other areas under Spanish Control
With each piece of land the Spanish were entitled to a certain number of Aztec workers
The landowners were supposed to treat them well and educate them in the Christian religion, but most did not
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6. WORLDVIEWS IN CONFLICT
NEW ECONOMY
Economy changed to a ladder system with the Spanish at the top and the Aztecs at the bottom
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7. WORLDVIEWS IN CONFLICT
NEW SOCIAL STRUCTURE
THE SPANISH CROWN
takes 20% of all gold and valuables found in New Spain
GOVERNOR OR VICEROY
Collects taxes that support him, the colonial government and the Spanish crown
SPANISH CONQUISTADORS
Given encomiendas with Aztec workers, after paying taxes, they keep the remaining profits
THE AZTEC PEOPLE
Do the actual work on the farms and in mines for little more than the basic needs
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8. WORLDVIEWS IN CONFLICT
CORTES SOLUTION
Had failed to deliver on the riches he had promised to his loyal followers
He put in place two attempts to solve this problem
Encomienda system – See Mrs. Hoveling’s
Teacher page & watch videos.
Gave the settlers Aztec “slaves” and land
Cortes passed the marriage law
Every Spaniard had to bring his wife from Spain or marry an Indigenous woman
Failure to marry within six months meant the loss of their encomienda
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9. WORLDVIEWS IN CONFLICT
CORTES SOLUTION
Cortes had shifted focus from short-term goals, finding gold and returning to Spain – to the long term goal of colonizing Spain
The children that resulted from the unions of the Spanish and Aztecs were known as the Mestizo
Today Mestizo’s are the largest portion of the Spanish population
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10. MEXICAN POPULATION BY ETHNIC ORIGIN 2010
WORLDVIEWS IN CONFLICT
MEXICAN POPULATION BY ETHNIC ORIGIN 2010
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11. THE INDEPENDENCE MOVEMENT
WORLDVIEWS IN CONFLICT
THE INDEPENDENCE MOVEMENT
King Carlos of Spain took the governorship of New Spain from Cortes
Appointed Don Antonio de Mendoza
Became the Viceroy (royal representative in New Spain)
Widely believed King Carlos feared that Cortes would declare himself king of the colony and separate from Spain
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12. THE INDEPENDENCE MOVEMENT
WORLDVIEWS IN CONFLICT
THE INDEPENDENCE MOVEMENT
Mendoza deliberately limited Cortez’s power and kept him away from Mexico City
The purpose of appointing the viceroy was to ensure the colony was under the direct control of the Spanish crown
King’s purpose of the colony was to keep the flow of gold, silver and farm products going to Spain to pay for European wars
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13. DISCONTENT IN NEW SPAIN
WORLDVIEWS IN CONFLICT
DISCONTENT IN NEW SPAIN
The people of New Spain, could soon see what was in the interests of the King was not necessarily good for them
While wealth was flowing back to Spain, shortages of roads, schools, housing were widespread in New Spain
Disconnect arose from every class of society
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14. WORLDVIEWS IN CONFLICT
TOWARDS INDEPENDENCE
The indigenous peoples were the descendants of the Aztecs
Many Mestizos grew up in great poverty and felt Spain was exploiting Mexico and giving nothing in return
Jose Maria Morelas was the Mestizo leader of the Mexican independence movement in the early 19th century
His army of indigenous people was better prepared than the Spanish forces often
The Spanish eventually captured and executed Morales
Today he is a national hero in Mexico
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15. WORLDVIEWS IN CONFLICT
TOWARDS INDEPENDENCE
The descendants of Spanish settlers in Mexico were called Creoles
They were the most privileged and wealthy class in Mexico
Tired of increasing taxes and inspired by the French and US revolutions, they came to support the independence movement
Discontent was present across society, so in 1821 Mexico became independent from Spain
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16. WORLDVIEWS IN CONFLICT
MEXICO TODAY
an estimated population of over 112 million, it is the eleventh most populous country and the most populous Spanish-speaking country.
Mexico is a federation comprising thirty-one states and a Federal District, the capital city.
Mexico has one of the world's largest economies, and is considered both a regional power and middle power.
In addition, Mexico was the first Latin American member of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development OECD in 1994
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17. WORLDVIEWS IN CONFLICT
MEXICO TODAY
Mexico has the 13th largest nominal GDP and the 11th largest by purchasing power parity.
GDP annual average growth for the period of 1995–2002 was 5.1%.
Foreign debt decreased to less than 20% of GDP.
From 2000 to 2004, the population in poverty has decreased from 24.2% to 17.6% in the general population and from 42% to 27.9% in rural areas.
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18. WORLDVIEWS IN CONFLICT
MEXICO TODAY
According to a 2008 UN report the average income in a typical urbanized area of Mexico was $26,654, a rate higher than advanced nations like South Korea or Taiwan
the average income in rural areas just miles away was only $8,403, a rate comparable to developing countries such as Russia or Turkey
In 2006, trade with the United States and Canada accounted for almost 50% of its exports and 45% of its imports.
Mexico is the largest North American auto-producing nation, recently surpassing Canada and the U.S.
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19. WORLDVIEWS IN CONFLICT
MEXICO TODAY
Mexico is the twenty-third highest tourism spender in the world, and the highest in Latin America.
The vast majority of tourists come to Mexico from the United States and Canada.
Many other visitors come from Europe and Asia.
A small number of tourists also come from other Latin American countries.
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20. WORLDVIEWS IN CONFLICT
MEXICO TODAY
Mexico represents the largest source of immigration to the United States.
About 24% of the population born in Mexico is now living in the United States.
36.3 million Americans listed their ancestry as Mexican as of 2015
Mexico is home to the largest number of U.S. citizens abroad
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21. WORLDVIEWS IN CONFLICT
HOT BUTTON ISSUE : MEXICAN IMMIGRATION
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