1. End of WWI and Start of 1920’s
Snow Day Catch-up
End of WWI and Start of 1920’s

2. Important Points to Know
Committee on Public Information (Creel Commission)
Espionage Act of 1917
Sedition Act of 1918
Treaty of Versailes
Wilson’s 14 Points
1919
Palmer Raids
Red Scare
Great migration

3. The War at Home—Support and Opposition
Committee on Public Information - a propaganda machine to influence public opinion
Sometimes called the “Creel Commission”
Espionage Act of imprisonment and fines for aiding the enemy
Sedition Act of forbid saying anything against the war
Anti-German hysteria

4. Wilson’s goals: Openness and League of Nations (14 Points)
Wilson was forced to compromise
on colonial territories belonging to
the Central Powers
League Covenant established the
League of Nations
Chief aim: collective security
Article X of the Versailles Treaty
created the League

5. President Wilson vs. Congress
His post-war popularity in the world was
unprecedented
Republican victory in the Congressional election of 1918 stung Wilson
Wilson broke the bi-partisan truce to campaign for Democrats
Wilson returned to Europe a diminished leader
Wilson infuriated Republicans by going to the Paris Peace Conference in December, 1918
Republican senators were excluded
from the peace delegation

6. The actual Treaty of Versailles
Germany punished
Forced to accept guilt for the war
Lost territory, colonies, demilitarized the Rhineland
Ordered to pay $33 billion in war reparations
Wilson fails, U.S. never joins the League of Nations

7. Germany was ordered to pay reparations to Allies
Versailles Treaty
Article 231 (“war-guilt” clause)
Placed sole blame of war on Germany
Germany was ordered to pay reparations to Allies
Germany forced to accept severe military restrictions and loss of territory
“self-determination” granted to new nations of Poland, Czechoslovakia, Finland, and the Baltic states of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania

8. International consequences of WWI
U.S. became the world’s economic and political leader (isolationism notwithstanding)
The Russian Revolution created the world’s first communist society
Britain, France, Austria and Turkey went into various states of decline
Germany was devastated by the Versailles Treaty
Led to the eventual rise of Adolf Hitler and World War II

9. A Changing Middle East

10. Ann Hagedorn’s
Savage Peace 2007

11. Rural vs. Urban
For the first time more Americans lived in the cities than in the country.
With city life came many changes that worried older, rural people
City dwellers help different views on drinking, gambling, and casual dating.

12. The Prelude — The Red Summer of 1919
Fear of communism in the U.S.
Communist parties form in U.S.
Bombs
Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer launches a series of Palmer Raids in
American Legion formed - 100% American

13. The Fear of Radicalism 1919: “Red Scare”
Illegal roundups of innocent people
Forcible deportation of aliens
Terrorism against “radicals,” immigrants
1927: Sacco and Vanzetti executed

14. Immigration Restriction
1924: National Origins Act
150,000 person quota on immigration
Quotas favored northern Europeans
Mexican immigrants exempted from quota

15. People Moving in the 1920s
MAP 21-1, People Moving in the 1920s