1. Acids and Bases
Bundle 4: Water

2. What is an Acid?
An acid is any species that increases the concentration of H+ ions in a solution.
Solution with more H+ ions

3. pH is a measure of how much H+ ions are present
pH=power of hydrogen
0 – 6 pH is Acidic
7 = neutral solution

4. Acid Sour taste, feels squeaky Litmus paper turns red Excess H+
pH below 7
Low pH = Strong Acid
Sour taste, feels squeaky
Litmus paper turns red

5. What is a Base?
A base is any species that increases the concentration of OH- ions in a solution.

6. pOH is a measure of how much OH- ions are present
8 – 14 pH is Basic
pOH values are opposite of pH values

7. Base Tastes bitter, feels slippery Litmus paper turns blue Excess OH-
pH above 7
High pH = Strong Base
Tastes bitter, feels slippery
Litmus paper turns blue

8. pH and pOH =14

9. Calculating Acid Relationship
For each ONE UNIT step you go down in pH, the solution is 10 times more acidic.
For each ONE UNIT step you go up in pH, the solution is 10 times less acidic.

10. Calculating Base Relationship
For each ONE UNIT step you go down in pH, the solution is 10 times less basic.
For each ONE UNIT step you go up in pH, the solution is 10 times more basic.

11. Examples
How many times more acidic is a solution with pH of 3 than a solution with the pH of 6?
10 x 10 x 10 = 1,000 times more acidic
How many times less acidic is a solution with pH of 5 than a solution with the pH of 3?
10 x 10 = 100 times less acidic

12. Examples
How many times more basic is a solution with pH of 10 than a solution with the pH of 8?
10 x 10 = 100 times more basic
How many times less basic is a solution with pH of 9 than a solution with the pH of 13?
 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 = 10,000 times less basic

13. What have you learned?
Is this solution more Acidic or more Basic or Neutral?
How do you know?

14. What have you learned?
Is this solution more Acidic or more Basic or Neutral? Acidic
How do you know?
More H+

15. What have you learned?
Is this solution more Acidic or more Basic or Neutral?
How do you know?

16. What have you learned?
Is this solution more Acidic or more Basic or Neutral? Basic
How do you know?
More OH-

17. Write 2 questions based on your notes.
Questions and Summary
Write 2 questions based on your notes.
Write the answers in sentences as a summary.
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