1. When you arrive:
Please do your warm up quietly.

2. Unit Overview
How did humanity transition from a nomadic life style to an established life style and establish an advanced way of life called “Civilization”.
Paleolithic Age
Humanity was nomadic, moving from place to place.
Basic Culture and Technology existed
Neolithic Age
Humanity begins to settle in small villages.
Culture and Technology become more advanced.
Civilization: 5 characteristics
Eastern Mediterranean: Sumer and Egypt
The Agriculture Revolution
2 million BCE ……………………………………………….500BCE

3. Merchants and Artisans
Review
A Civilization has……..
Advanced Cities
Specialized Workers
Complex Institutions
Government
Religion
Economy
Record Keeping
Technology
Ruler
Religious Leaders
Merchants and Artisans
Farmers and Slaves

4. Today's Key Questions
How were the first civilizations in Egypt and Sumer founded?
What was it like to live in Egypt and Sumer? We will use the themes.
How were the civilization in Egypt and Sumer similar ? How were they different?

5. The Earliest Civilizations
Eastern Med

6. Eastern Mediterranean Civilizations
Nile River Valley
Mesopotamia
Eastern Mediterranean Civilizations

8. Geography A natural crossroads connecting Asia, Africa, and Europe.
Regular Floods
These floods would provide large amounts of silt
The floods were destructive
It was resource poor.

9. How did these features influence life in Sumer?
1. Many different groups came and took over the area.
2. They had to trade to get needed resources
3. The Floods provided fertile land
4. The floods were unpredictable and destructive.

11. Government Kings “Lugals” Ruled Kings “Lugals” Ruled
Jobs: Protect this lands and keep up irrigation.
Dynasties: Family rule
They were not united, they were City States
City State: A political Unit where a large city rules the surrounding villages and land.
Kings “Lugals” Ruled
Because they controlled the army
Jobs: Protect this lands and keep up irrigation.
Dynasties: Family rule
They were not united, they were City States
City State: A political Unit where a large city rules the surrounding villages and land.

12. Culture Polytheistic Gods were human like but had more power.
VERY NEGATIVE
The Ziggurat: A religious temple.

13. Advanced Technology

14. Record Keeping:
Cuneiform: Written language of Mesopotamia

15. Economics
Trade was necessary due to the lack of resources

16. Social At first women and men were almost equal.
Social Classes developed through specialization.
At first women and men were almost equal.
Over time, men took over more of the jobs and women lost status.
Kings/ Priests
Merchants and
Artisans
Farmers/Slaves

17. Egypt

18. Geography:
Desert Climate
Lack of Natural Resources
Yearly and predictable floods

19. Government Egypt was united
Theocracy: A system of government where the leader is a divine figure.
Pharaoh: Leader of the Egyptian government, religion, and army.
Bureaucracy: The workers of the govt. who implemented the decisions of the ruler. Two most important: Vizier The Chief minister
Scribe: a person who is trained to read and write.
Tutankhamon B. C. E.
Ramses II B. C. E.

20. Culture
They had a polytheistic religion with gods representing the most important features of their environment.
Osiris: God of Afterlife & Death Isis: Rep. the Wind Horus: son of Isis and Osiris he rep. the sky

21. Egyptian Book of the Dead

22. Preparations for the Underworld
ANUBIS weighs the dead person’s heart against a feather.
Priests protected your KA, or soul-spirit

23. Materials Used in Mummification
1. Linen Natron 2. Sawdust Onion 3. Lichen Nile Mud 4. Beeswax Linen Pads 5. Resin Frankinsense

25. Journey to the Underworld
The dead travel on the “Solar Bark.”
A boat for the journey is provided for a dead pharaoh in his tomb.

26. The Final Judgment
Anubis Horus Osiris

27. Hieroglyphics “Alphabet” 24 “letters” + 700 phonetic symbols
Record Keeping
Hieroglyphics “Alphabet”
24 “letters” phonetic symbols

28. Technology

29. Economics Nile River Valley Mesopotamia
Egypt had to trade to get needed materials. They traded for wood, metals, wealth, and gems.

30. Egypt: Social Hierarchy
Scribes:
People who could read and write
Egypt: Social Hierarchy

31. This is where the upper class lived.

32. Most people lived here

33. Social More social classes so more jobs.
Woman in Egypt enjoyed a higher status and greater independence than other places in the ancient world

34. Today's Key Questions
How were the first civilizations in Egypt and Sumer founded?
What was it like to live in Egypt and Sumer? Use the themes.
How were the civilization in Egypt and Sumer similar ? How were they different?