1. How do we study brain/behavior relationships?
Populations:
Animal Models:
advantages: disadvantages:

2. talk about how no animals are ever touched at any University without approval of a 30 or so member committee that includes scientists, vets, community members, etc to ensure ……

3. Human Models
populations with injuries or disease
normal populations

4. Humans
History:
phrenology:

6. Non-invasive ways of viewing brain function
Assessment of Structure vs Function

7. Structure
CT or Cat Scan

8. CT Scan

9. Structure
CT or Cat Scan
3 D xrays

12. Structure
CT or Cat Scan
MRI's

13. magnetic resonance imaging

15. I think this was identical twins discordant for schizophrenia -

16. CT
MRI

17. Ways to look at function
EEG - electroencephalogram
talk about how the EEG measures EPSPs of cortical neurons

20. Ways to look at function
EEG – electroencephalogram
ERPs – evoked related potentials
brief discussion of what ERPs are

21. could talk about how this is changed in alcoholics and we might attribute that to brain damage from alcoholism but that we also can see an altered P wave in some individuals with family history + who have not yet had alcohol (a biomarker?)

22. Ways to look at function
PET scans
rCBF – regional cerebral blood flow
Premise – more blood flow means more (neuronal) activity

23. Ways to look at function
PET scans
rCBF
2DG – 2 deoxyglucose
Premise – need for more sugar – need for more energy – more (neuronal) activity

24. Ways to look at function
PET scans
rCBG
2DG

27. Structure and Function
fMRIs

29. More Invasive methodology
Histological analysis
Lesion studies
Rationale – if an area is damaged and behavior changes….. the neurons in that area play a role?

30. Electrical stimulation
Rationale: if we stimulate an area and we produce or stop a particular behavior….the neurons in that region are important for that behavior

31. Delgado’s classic experiment
use delgado to demonstrate how we have to be careful about interpreting behavior

32. Electrical stimulation
Pharmacological manipulations
Use of drugs and various agents

33. a lot more techniques are available
Microdialysis- looks at the amount of neurotransmitter released in a region of the brain….