1. GENETICS Basic Heredity
A study of gene inheritance from one generation to the next.

2. History of Heredity Gregor Mendel is father of modern genetics
Mendel used pea plants to examine heredity from one generation to the next

3. Mendel’s Laws 1) Law of Segregation
There are two factors controlling each trait
These factors are “alleles”
The alleles separate so that gametes only get 1 of the two alleles
2) Rule of Dominance
One allele is always dominant over the other
3) Law of Independent Assortment

4. Genetics Rules Dominant alleles are written with CAPITAL letters
Having 1 dominant alleles means the trait will be expressed
Recessive alleles are written with lowercase
Must have 2 recessive alleles for the trait to be expressed

5. Genotype vs. Phenotype
Genotype: the alleles (letters) an individual has for a gene
Phenotype: the way the genotype is expressed (looks)

6. Geno or Pheno? Tt HH
Red hair BB
Blue eyes

7. Homozygous: 2 of the same alleles for a gene (TT, tt, HH, etc)
Heterozygous: 2 different alleles for a gene (Tt, Hh)
Genotypes

8. Hetero or Homo? BB Bb Hh tt dD