1. The Respiratory and Digestive System
LABORATORY TWELVE
The Respiratory and Digestive System
We study them together because they share some structures and locations.

2. Upper Respiratory System
Sagittal head section: Fig p216, where divisions of pharynx is indicated is correct, but fig 12.13, p222, the division of pharynx is wrong…Make sure to use fig 13.3 as your reference and cross out letters f & g on fig 23.23…The remaining indicated structures are correct in fig 12.13…Make sure to study those…

3. Anatomy of Larynx

4. Anatomy of Trachea and Lungs

5. The Digestive System

6. Four Layers of the Alimentary Canal
Villi increase the surface area, therefore, increase absorption up to 90%

7. The Salivary Glands
View the tongue model for the circumvallate & fungiform papillae

8. Anatomy of Stomach

9. The Liver, Gallbladder, Pancreas, & Duct System
Spleen has a concavity to it that kidney does not have…do not make a mistake these two structures.
Fig 12.18, p223: The magnified region of liver is another model, make sure you learn the assigned structures on both models
Spleen is convoluted, but not kidney

10. Peritoneum (Mesenteries and Omenta)
The body wall of the abdominal cavity and the abdominal organs are covered with serous membranes that keep organs together:
Parietal peritoneum lines the abdominal cavity (blue)
Visceral peritoneum covers abdominal organs (red)
Retroperitoneal organs are behind the parietal peritoneum
The mesenteries are membranes that connect abdominal organs to each other and to the body wall
Specific mesenteries are given names; such as, omentum
A copy of this figure will be in the practicum for you to identify different peritoneum…

11. Spirometry A technique used to measure respiratory volume (12C Procedure, P218)
Alcohol wipe the built-in mouth piece and let it air dry
Put the disposable mouth piece on
Plug your nose, and breath into (not inhale from) the spirometer
Follow the step-by-step instruction very carefully
Divide in groups of three
One subject
One reading the instruction
One performing the required calculations
Record your data and calculations in your lab report
Study Fig 12.9 for Practicum III