1. King Philip’s War Bacon’s Rebellion Pueblo Revolt
Crisis in The Colonies
King Philip’s War
Bacon’s Rebellion
Pueblo Revolt

2. Further Discussion Questions
How did the three conflicts differ? How were they the same?
What role did religion play in each conflict?
How did conflicts between English settlers in coastal regions and those living in newer frontier regions to the west contribute to tensions with Native Americans?
How did the author's perspective (background, experience, interests, values, etc.) influence his/her record of events?

3. Mapping New England

4. John Smith Map

5. Questions to Consider Look at this map and list everything you see.
Describe in detail the use of titles and names, symbols, ornaments, illustrations and captions, scale, and legend.
Why would there be prominent images of Native Americans on the map? Direct the students to look at the upper left image of Powhatan. How is the Indian leader Powhatan represented? Why is he depicted in royal regalia?

6. Questions to Consider
How is information organized? What do the crosses scattered throughout the interior mean? Look at the upper right legend where it says "to the crosses hath bin discovered what beyond is by relation."
How are places named? Why is the river by Jamestown called the "Powhatan flu" but later becomes the James River?
What is the significance of the instrument at the bottom center (a decorative compass)?

7. Questions to Consider
Who made the map and why was it made? Why would authorship matter?
How do cultural assumptions influence the process of mapping?

8. These towns were a product, not of long continuous development, but instead, of a rapid process of town planning which was not constrained by existing physical structures and property lines of previous European settlement. The tightly clustered settlements of large and small land holders living adjacent to one another were focused on the meetinghouse and maintained a high degree of internal social order and self-maintenance. Attendance at religious worship and at town meetings was obligatory and enforced by town meeting. There was a strong sense of interdependency and community early on and on a daily basis. The nucleated village, one of many forms present in England during the medieval period, is associated with attempts to reorganize and control agricultural production and to facilitate control over the village's population through an emphasis on ordered land use and face-to-face observation of each villager's daily activities.
—Susan McGowan, "The Landscape in the Colonial Period"

9. William Wood’s 1634 Map of New England

10. John Foster’s 1677 Map in Interactive Form

11. Questions to Consider
What information appears on each map? List some of the symbols and what you think they might mean.
How many English towns (represented by a small circle topped by a cross) are there in the 1630s? How many in the 1670s? How many Indian settlements (in Wood's map, represented by a small triangle for wigwam, sometimes palisaded) in the 1630s? How many in the 1670s?
How much of New England appears in each map? What are the blanks spaces? Looking at the 1630s map, are the blank spaces occupied? Who is occupying them?
Look at the place names. What do they tell you? What can you infer about the map's north/south orientation?

12. Questions to Consider
Why are maps made? Who makes them and for whom? What sort of "prospect of New England" is represented in these two maps?
What does Wood's map tell about the settlement of New England in the 1630s?
What does Foster's map tell about the settlement in the 1670s?
What similarities and differences do you notice in terms of scale, orientation, place names, and the use and meaning of symbols?

13. Reading & Questions
Read Edward Johnson's "Thus This Poore People Populate This Howling Desart": 
Edward Johnson Describes the Founding of the Town of Concord in Massachusetts Bay, 1635

14. Questions
How does Johnson describe the role of the Indians in the settlement of New England?
How does Johnson explain the Divine role in the settlement of New England?
For the Metacom or King Philip text, students should consider the following questions:
What are some of Philip's complaints about the English settlers?
What is his account of the history of relations between the English colonists and the Indian villagers?
How would you describe the negotiations between the English officials and the Indian representatives?
Who recorded this statement? Why might that information be important?
In what ways has the passage of time been important in shaping the relations between the English and the Indians?