1. What impact did Vladimir Lenin have on Russia?

2. As the leader of the Bolsheviks, he promised “Peace, Bread, and Land” to gain popular support to overthrow the Russian government.

3. One Government out, the next one in
The Provisional Government fell in November 1917, workers took control of the government
Bolsheviks in Power
Lenin gives land to peasants, puts workers in control of factories

4. Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
Lenin had Russia sign a peace treaty with Germany, ending its involvement in WWI.
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, 1918

6. Civil War Civil War Rages in Russia
Civil War between Bolsheviks’ Red Army and the White Army which supported the Czar
Red Army wins three-year war that leaves 14 million dead

7. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.); 1922 – 1991
Political Reforms
Lenin and the Communists politically reorganized Russia,
Creates self-governing republics (mini-states) under national government
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.); 1922 – 1991

8. Political Reforms (cont’d)
In 1922, country renamed Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.)
Communist Party—new name taken by Bolsheviks from writings of Marx
Flag of the
Russian Empire
Flag of the
Soviet Union

9. COMMUNISM
Lenin believed in the ideas of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels and had the Bolshevik Party change their name to the Communist Party.

10. The Communist Manifesto:
Written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels.
Friedrich
Engels 
Karl Marx 

11. Working class (proletariat) vs. Wealthy class (capitalist class)
According to Marx and Engels, history can be viewed as a continuous struggle between economic classes.
Working class (proletariat) vs. Wealthy class (capitalist class)

12. A main idea of The Communist Manifesto was that the proletariat must unite to overthrow the capitalist class.

13. This leads to private property ceasing to exist and the people owning the means of production, creating a system of communism.

14. once communism emerges, the evils of industrial society would disappear.

15. New Economic Policy
In March 1921, Lenin launches New Economic Policy, which had some capitalist elements
NEP and peace restored the economy shattered by war and revolution
By 1928, Russia’s farms, factories were productive again

16. A New Leader?
Leon Trotsky and Joseph Stalin compete to replace Lenin when he dies
Joseph Stalin—cold, hard Communist Party general secretary in 1922
Joseph Stalin
Leon Trotsky

17. And the winner is……Stalin!
Stalin gains power from 1922 to 1927
Lenin dies in 1924
Stalin gains complete control in 1928; Trotsky forced into exile

18. Only Party
Communist Party was the only party that ran the government, using violence and terror to force control.

19. USSR Under Stalin Command Economy
Planned to make the USSR a modern industrial power
Immediately removed the New Economic Plan initiated by Lenin as being anti-Communist

20. 5 Year Plan INDUSTRY High production rates Transportation
Heavy industry
Transportation

21. 5 Year Plan Agriculture Collective farms Peasants gave up small farms
Lived on state-owned collective farms
Collective owned all farms animals/equipment
Government controlled prices, supplies, quotas

22. RESULTS OF PLANS INDUSTRY Consumer goods neglected
Citizens remained poor
Low standard of living
AGRICULTURE
Farmers resisted
Killed farms animals
Destroyed tools and crops
Farmers who resisted were sent to labor camps
Government seized grain causing a famine
5+ Million died due to starvation

23. Stalin’s Response The Great Purge 1934
800,000 executed
4 million purged
Censorship
Religion outlawed
Used secret police (KGB)
Created new social order
Communist Party supreme
Elite (Industrial managers, military, scientists)
Commomers