1. Kurt Miller Axel Products, Inc. www.axelproducts.com
Experimental Considerations in the Measurement of Thermal Relaxation and Recovery of Strained Seals
Kurt Miller
Axel Products, Inc.

2. Available at: www.axelproducts.com.

3. Overview Elastomer Seals Stress, Strain and Temperature
A Particular Experiment

4. Elastomer Seals
Normally Compressed
Fill a Space
Provide a Reaction Force
Survive Temperature Changes
Survive Chemical Attack

5. Stress, Strain and Temperature
Mental Experiment
Actual Experiment

6. Stress, Strain and Temperature

7. Stress, Strain and Temperature
Short Term Stress Relaxation
Some Softening

8. Stress, Strain and Temperature

9. Stress, Strain and Temperature
Thermal Expansion
Elastomer > Steel
Thermal Softening
Thermal Degradation
Additional Crosslinking

10. Stress, Strain and Temperature
Thermal Expansion vs Thermal Softening

11. Stress, Strain and Temperature
NOT Long Term Stress Relaxation

12. Stress, Strain and Temperature

13. Stress, Strain and Temperature
Thermal Contraction
Reduced Reaction Force

14. Stress, Strain and Temperature

15. Stress, Strain and Temperature
Additional Thermal Contraction
Reduced or Possible Loss of Reaction Force
The Seal May go into Tension!

16. A Particular Experiment

17. A Particular Experiment

18. A Particular Experiment
Example Data, Constrained Seal

19. A Particular Experiment
Example Data, Constrained Seal

20. A Particular Experiment
This does not replace aging experiments.

21. A Particular Experiment
This does not replace aging experiments.

22. A Particular Experiment
This does not replace:
Thermal Expansion by TMA
Compression Set

23. Overview Bad Things Happen When Hot, Become Evident When Cold
Experimental data is Helpful