1. “Don’t raise your voice, improve your argument.”
Argument Unit
“My father used to say,
“Don’t raise your voice,
improve your argument.”
-Desmond Tutu
(South African Social Rights Activist)

2. Foldable- Look Book Take 3 sheets of paper Fold #1 at 1/4
Now insert each one into
the other & staple the
top center.

3. Creating your Argument:
-Determine your point of view
Develop Claims (reasons)
Support with Evidence
Determine the counter claim
-Develop a rebuttal

4. Common Flaws in Argument
-Gives vague information
-Goes off topic
-Repeats concepts
-Focuses on opinion instead of evidence
-Insults and offends other
side

5. Evidence- your supporting details, examples
Claims/Evidence
Claims- your reasons
Evidence- your supporting details, examples

6. Appeals- How we sound convincing.
Logos (Logical Appeal)
Facts, statistics, rationale
Pathos(Emotional Appeal)
Strong emotional example, wording
Ethos (Ethical Appeal)
Why the author (you) is credible

7. Counter Claim / Rebuttal
Counter Claim- why the opposing side would disagree
Rebuttal- your response to the opposing argument, to contradict, refute, nullify, deny, counter

8. Helpful Phrases: -Critics argue that… -While it might be true that…
-A common argument
against this position is
-It’s easy to think that…,
but when one examines
the facts…
-The opposing view….

9. Form a group of 3….
Clipboard
Plain Paper
Pen/Pencil

10. Activity #1 On your clipboard… 1. Select a hot topic.
2. Determine your argument.
3. Develop 3 claims that support it.
“Don’t raise your voice, improve your argument.” Desmond Tutu

11. Activity #2 Swap your paper with another group.
1. Read their argument & claims.
2. Develop 3 counter claims against it.
“Don’t raise your voice, improve your argument.” Desmond Tutu

12. 1. Read their counter claims.
Activity #3
Swap papers back.
1. Read their counter claims.
2. Develop a rebuttal.
“Don’t raise your voice, improve your argument.” Desmond Tutu

13. Counter Claims & Rebuttals
Musical Chairs
Counter Claims & Rebuttals
On your paper:
-Select a unique debatable topic.
-Determine your claims (up to 3).
Set your topic/claim on your chair
-When the music starts, rotate
-When the music stops, cite a counterclaim to that
argument

14. Counter Claims & Rebuttals
Musical Chairs
Counter Claims & Rebuttals
Now…..
For every counter claim to your original argument, come up with a rebuttal.

15. Ethos-Pathos-Logos

16. Ethos-Pathos-Logos

17. Ethos-Pathos- Logos

18. On whiteboards….with your row….

19. Practice Topic: No Uniforms
Logical (Logos)
Emotional (Pathos)
Ethical( Ethos)
“Don’t raise your voice, improve your argument.” Desmond Tutu

20. Practice Topic: Better School Lunches
Logical (Logos)
Emotional (Pathos)
Ethical(Ethos)
“Don’t raise your voice, improve your argument.” Desmond Tutu

21. Practice Topic: Increase Driving Age to 18
Logical (Logos)
Emotional (Pathos)
Ethical (Ethos)
“Don’t raise your voice, improve your argument.” Desmond Tutu

22. Station Rotation 8 x 1 minute checks

23. Quick Check- Quiz

24. March Madness Practice
Logos -facts/figures/statistics
Write a paragraph using logos in support of global warming legislation.
“Don’t raise your voice, improve your argument.” Desmond Tutu

25. March Madness

26. March Madness Practice
Pathos- narrative style/anecdotes that make your audience feel
Write a paragraph using pathos in support of stronger gun regulation.
“Don’t raise your voice, improve your argument.” Desmond Tutu

27. March Madness

28. March Madness Practice
Ethos- your credibility/experience
Write a paragraph using ethos in support of technology improving our lives.
“Don’t raise your voice, improve your argument.” Desmond Tutu

29. March Madness

30. What is Satire? Examples……. Definition…….
“Don’t raise your voice, improve your argument.” Desmond Tutu

31. Argument Unit
“Don’t raise your voice, improve your argument.” Desmond Tutu

32. Characteristics of Satire
-Humor
-Criticism of human nature, groups or
individual (pointing out flaws)
-A moral voice
(to create change, not to ridicule)
“Don’t raise your voice, improve your argument.” Desmond Tutu

33. -Jonathan Swift (satirist)
What is Satire?
“Satire is a sort of glass wherein beholders do generally discover everybody’s face but their own.”
-Jonathan Swift (satirist)
“Don’t raise your voice, improve your argument.” Desmond Tutu

34. What is Satire? 10 Best Satires By Michael Honig | Aug 12, 2016
“Don’t raise your voice, improve your argument.” Desmond Tutu

35. Strategies of Satire Reversal- using the opposite to make a point
Caricature- exaggerating traits of something
Hyperbole- extreme exaggeration
Inversion- reverse the order
Sarcasm- disapproval often given as praise
Understatement- minimizing a situation
Invective- directing speech directly at the
thing that denounces it
“Don’t raise your voice, improve your argument.” Desmond Tutu

36. What is Satire?
“Don’t raise your voice, improve your argument.” Desmond Tutu

37. Let’s Find Some Examples:
Who or what is the criticism directed at?
What stereotypes does it point out?
What made it humorous?
“Don’t raise your voice, improve your argument.” Desmond Tutu

41. Let’s Find Some Examples:
Who or what is the criticism directed at?
What stereotypes does it point out?
What made it humorous?
“Don’t raise your voice, improve your argument.” Desmond Tutu

44. Who/what’s the criticism directed at? What are the stereotypes?

45. Who/what’s the criticism directed at?
What are the stereotypes?

46. Rotation Activity Who or what is the criticism directed at?
As you rotate through the stations, evaluate the sample of satire with your group and determine….
Who or what is the criticism directed at?
What stereotypes does it point out?
Find 2 phrases or concepts of satire?